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IB History > French Revolution > Flashcards

French Revolution Flashcards

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0
Q

What Estates made up the largest population in France?

A

3rd

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1
Q

What were the Estates?

A

Status groups

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2
Q

Which Estate paid the most taxes?

A

3rd

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3
Q

Which Estate was the clergy in?

A

1st

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4
Q

Which Estate were the nobles in?

A

2nd

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5
Q

Which Estate had the least amount of rights and privileges?

A

3rd

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6
Q

Who were the bourgeoisie?

A 
Middle class
Leaders of revolution
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7
Q

What Estate were the bourgeoisie in?

A

3rd

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8
Q

What were the causes of the French Revolution?

A
  1. Financial crisis
  2. Enlightenment thinking
  3. Weak leadership
  4. Failure to reform
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9
Q

Who were the King and Queen in France at the beginning of the French Revolution?

A

Louis XVI

Marie Antoinette

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10
Q

Why did the King call an Estates General meeting?

A

Raise taxes

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11
Q

Explain the disagreement about voting the Estate General meeting

A

1st and 2nd could outvote 3rd

Vote by estate

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12
Q

Who was Necker? Why was his dismissal by the king significant?

A

Minister of finance

He was supportive of the Assembly

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13
Q

What was the cause of the storming of the Bastille? (What did the king do to make people mad?)

A
  1. Dismissed Necker

2. King summoned Swiss and German mercenaries

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14
Q

Why did the rioters go to the Bastille? (What were they looking for?)

A

Ammo

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15
Q

What did the people do to the Bastille after they got what they wanted? Why did they do this?

A

Tore it apart brick by brick

Symbolized the monarchy

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16
Q

What was the slogan of the French Revolution?

A

Liberty, equality, brotherhood

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17
Q

What did the 3rd Estate call themselves at the General Estates meeting?

A

National Assembly

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18
Q

Why did the 3rd Estate hold their meeting at an indoor tennis court?

A

They were locked out of the Estates meeting

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19
Q

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

A

Start of Revolution

Swore to meet until the drafted a new constitution

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20
Q

How did the storming of the Bastille change the mind of the King? (What did he allow the Estates to do at the Estates General meeting?)

A

Persuaded the king to let assembly finish it’s work

Voting by head

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21
Q

Explain the difference between a Monarchy and a Constitutional Monarchy

A

Monarchy: King/Queen has all the power

C. Monarchy: people have power

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22
Q

What was the name of the palace the King and Queen lived in?

A

Palace of Versailles

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23
Q

Why did women march to and then storm the Kings palace?

A

High price of bread

Poor conditions

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24
Q

What did the group of woman force to King and Queen to do? Explain their reason for wanting the King and Queen to do what they wanted.

A

March to Paris

Wanted king to pay more attention to county’s needs

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25
Q

What was the significance of the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen?

A

Gave people power and rights

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26
Q

Why did the King and Queen try and flee to Austria? What happened along the way?

A

Queen was connected to royal families

They were caught and sent back

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27
Q

Name the 2 groups in the National Assembly at this time

A

Girondins

Jacobins

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28
Q

Which group wanted to spare the Kings life, and which group wanted to execute the King?

A

Girondins- spare

Jacobins- execute

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29
Q

After the King had lost power, who became leader o France?

A

Committee of Public Saftey

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30
Q

What was the Reign of Terror? (Why were thousands of people being executed during this time?)

A

Lots of people suspected of being counter-revolutionary killed

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31
Q

Who was the leader during the Reign of Terror?

A

Robespierre

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32
Q

Who were the San-Culottes, and why were they important during the Reign of Terror?

A

They killed thousands of political prisoners

Stressed their differences from upper class

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33
Q

Who were the Émigrés?

A

Someone who leaves

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34
Q

What religion did Robespierre create?

A

Cult of Supreme Being

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35
Q

What 2 reasons led the people to turn on Robespierre?

A
  1. National genocide

2. New religion

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36
Q

Who was in charge after Robespierre was executed?

A

Directory

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37
Q

Describe the outcome of the Directory from 1795-1799

A

Failure

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38
Q

What was the title given to Napoleon’s military force?

A

Grand Army

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39
Q

How did Napoleon gain control of the government?

A

He met with a member of the Directory and they both took it down

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40
Q

What were the Nepoleonic Codes?

A 
Reestablish the Catholic Church
Bank of France
No nobles or titles at birth
Gov jobs to most qualified
Legion of honor
41
Q

Explain what happened to Napoleon’s army in Russia?

A

Lots were killed
Lots starved
Lots gorged themselves

42
Q

What was the 3rd coalition?

A

European countries that came together against Napoleon

43
Q

What happened at the Battle of Nations?

A

French were crushed

44
Q

What does abdicate mean?

A

Relinquish power

45
Q

After Napoleon was abdicated the first time, where did he go?

A

Elba

46
Q

While Napoleon was gone, who took power in France?

A

Louis XVIII

47
Q

Why were people upset with the new ruler?

A

Raised taxes

Dismissed thousands from army and administration

48
Q

How did Napoleon regain control of France?

A

He walked right in

49
Q

Were other European countries pleased that Napoleon was back in power?

A

Not at all

50
Q

What happened at the battle of Waterloo?

A

Napoleon was defeated

51
Q

After Napoleon was abdicated the second time, where was he exiled?

A

St. Helena

52
Q

How did he die?

A

Chronic stomach ailment

Possibly arsenic poisoning

53
Q

List the rulers in France after Napoleon

A
  1. King Louis XVIII
  2. Charles X
  3. Louis Phillipe
  4. Louis Napoleon
54
Q

When the first French Revolution started what did Louis XVIII do?

A

Fled

55
Q

Explain the important role Louis XVI played during the first French Revolution

A
  1. Dismissed necker
  2. Reversed position on voting
  3. Summoned Swiss and German mercenaries
56
Q

Why didn’t Louis XVIII ever rule as King of France?

A

He died

57
Q

What was Talleyrand’s role in restoring Bourbon power in France?

A

He negotiated with King Louis XVIII to bring back Bourbon regime

58
Q

What type of government did Louis XVIII rule over over in France?

A

Royalist/Legislative

59
Q

What powers did Louis XVIII have under the above mentioned government?

A
  1. Executive power

2. Legislative initiative

60
Q

Who were the Ultras?

A

Right wing, royalist majority of the legislative

61
Q

What did Louis XVIII do to get rid of the Ultras?

A

Dissolved parliament

62
Q

After Louis XVIII death who took over as king of France?

A

Charles X

63
Q

How did the new kings views differ from Louis XVIII?

A

He increased power of clergy

Wanted power back to clergy and nobility

64
Q

How many years was Charles X the King?

A

6

65
Q

What was the goal of the series of laws passed by Charles X shortly after he took power? (What was he trying to do?)

A

Bolster the power of nobility and clergy

66
Q

Define indemnity

A

Sum of money paid as compensation especially a sum exacted by a victor in war as one condition of peace

67
Q

What was Polignac’s title and what was his aim for France?

A

Prince

Wanted presidential election

68
Q

Explain the “Fan Affair”

A

French invade Algeria because the King of Algeria hit a French diplomat with a fan. French conquered Algeria.

69
Q

Why did France attack Algeria?

A
  1. Distract from internal affairs

2. Increase patriotism

70
Q

What did the “July Ordinances” do?

A

Restricted press and suffrage

71
Q

What was the peoples reaction to the “July Ordinances”?

A

Didn’t like

Revolution of 1830

72
Q

What caused the Revolution of 1830?

A
  1. Charles X parliament
  2. Altered the electoral system
  3. Censored the papers
73
Q

The Revolution of 1830 is also referred to as:

A
  1. Three Days of Glory

2. July Revolution

74
Q

Painting name and artist

A

Artist: Delecrois
Title: Liberty Leading the People

75
Q

Explain what happened to Charles X?

A

He disguised himself and his family and fled to Great Britain.

76
Q

Who did Charles X abdicate his power in favor of?

A

His cousin Louis Phillipe as regent

77
Q

Who needed up actually takin over? How did this happen?

A

Louis Phillipe

He was left in charge so he just never gave up power

78
Q

Why did the people like Louis Phillipe? What was he often referred to as?

A

He was fair

The Citizen King

79
Q

Explain the significance in Louis Phillipe being called “King of the French” instead of “King of France”?

A

He was King of the people, not of the land

80
Q

Who were Legitimist? Orleanist?

A

Legitimist- supporters of Henry V

Orleanist- supporters of Phillipe

81
Q

What led to the Revolution of 1848?

A

Industrialization
Urbanization
Political Ideologies

82
Q

Who was Louis Cavaignac and what was his role in the 1848 Revolution?

A

General
Leader of the army of the coalition
Assumed doctoral powers and crushed the revolt

83
Q

Who was elected president under the new French Constitution in 1848?

A

Napoleon III

84
Q

Explain how the Second French Republic ended?

A

Napoleon III made himself emperor and thus changed republic to empire

85
Q

What type of government replaced the Second Republic? Who was the head of this new form of government?

A

2nd Empire

Napoleon III

86
Q

What caused the end of the Second Empire?

A

France lost to Prussia in the Franco-Prussian was

87
Q

Who was the leader of Prussia?

A

Otto van Bismarck

88
Q

Where was the French Government established during the Third French Republic?

A

Versailles

89
Q

What happened at the hall of mirrors at the Palace of Versailles? Why was this humiliating?

A

Bismarck crowned King of Germany

Germany had just defeated France

90
Q

Why did Parisians oppose the new government?

A
  1. Too royalist
  2. Too conservative
  3. Too willing to accept humiliating defeat
91
Q

Who was the president of France at the beginning of the Third Republic?

A

Adolphe Theirs

92
Q

What was the Paris Commune?

A

In September 1870 the 3rd republic was proclaimed after the defeat of Napoleon III at Sedan
Elected on 28 March
Symbol was red flag

93
Q

Who were the Communards?

A

Communist group that tried to take over France

94
Q

What did the Treaty of Frankfurt do?

A

Ended the Franco-Prussian war

95
Q

What area of France was lost to Germany under the Treaty of Frankfurt?

A
  1. Alcaise

2. Eastern Lorraine

96
Q

How much money did France have to pay Germany under the Treaty of Frankfurt?

A

5 billion francs

97
Q

What were the 2 families that believed they were the rightful heir to the throne?

A
  1. Orleans

2. Bourbons

98
Q

Summarize the Boulanger Affair

A

Boulanger was one of the few republican generals in the army.
Appointed minister of war.
Improved welfare for troops.
Attacked German policy.
Speeches worried the gov so he was removed.
Now national figure for opposition to gov.
Support increased when the president’s son was found selling favors.
President Grevy kicked out of office.
Boulanger received support from socialists and unemployed.
1888 removed from army to fin for election.
Supporters wanted him to start a revolution but he hesitated and the moment was lost.
Gov began legal proceedings.
He fled.

99
Q

Summarize the Dreyfus Affair

A

Army soldiers were forging letters to set up Dreyfus as a spy, he was put in prison. Army hid that he was innocent. Dreyfus was tried again and found guilty on evidence that was proven false. Charges dropped. Dreyfus was put back in army. Retired

IB History (1 decks)

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