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French Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the 3 legal orders or categories in France?

A

Clergy, Nobility, and Everyone else

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2
Q

What % were members of the 3rd Estate?

A

98%

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3
Q

An upper middle class had developed known as the?

A

bourgeoisie

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4
Q

Under Louis XV the restoration of what right awakened absolutism?

A

Parlements right to evaluate royal decrees publicly in writing before they were registered and given the chance of law

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5
Q

What 3 wars had devastated France and put it in debt?

A

War of Austrian Succession, Seven Years War, and the American Revolution

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6
Q

What were Maupeou parlements?

A

Maupeou parlements were weaker, docile parlements that obeyed the king and taxed the privileged groups

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7
Q

Describe the role of Madame Pompadour

A

Mistress to the king, influence on literature, art, and the decorative arts; using her patronage to support voltaire and promote the rococo style. brought the alliance with austria that resulted in the 7 years war.

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8
Q

What was desacralization?

A

The king being stripped of the sacred aura of God’s anointed on Earth; opposite of divine right of king

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9
Q

Describe the impact of the American Revolution in Frace

A

Expenses of supporting the colonies bankrupted the crown while ideas of liberty and equality provided heady inspiration for political reform

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10
Q

Finacially, France lacked what 3 things that England and Holland had?

A

No central bank, no paper currency, and no means of creating credit

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11
Q

To increase taxes, Louis XVI was forced to do what

A

Call a meeting of the Estates General, which had not met since 1614

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12
Q

Most representatives elected to the Estates General from the 3rd estate were

A

lawyers and government officials

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13
Q

What are 3 things all Estates agreed on?

A

Royal absolutism should give way to a 1. constitutional monarchy in which laws and taxes would require the consent of the estates general in regular meetings, 2. individual liberties guaranteed by law and 3. economic regulations loosened, basic reform platform among the educated elite

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14
Q

Who was abbe (priest) Sieyes? What did he argue?

A

Nobility was a tiny overprivledged minority amd the neglected 3rd estate constituted the true strength of the french nation

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15
Q

What was the National Assembly?

A

First French revolutionary legislature made primarily of representatives of the 3rd estate and a few from the nobility and clergy

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16
Q

Describe the Tennis Court Oath

A

The National Assembly pledged not to disband until they had written a new constitution

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17
Q

July 14, 1789?

A

Bastille Day; peasants rush the Bastille prison in search of gunpowder

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18
Q

What was the “Great Fear”?

A

Fear of the noble reprisals against the peasant uprisings that seized the French countryside and led to further revolt

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19
Q

August 27, 1789. What action did the National Assembly take?

A

Declaration of the Rights of Man was issued

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20
Q

Oct. 5, 1789. What did the women of Paris do?

A

Women’s March on Versailles

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21
Q

What was the king forced to do?

A

Move and live closer to the people in Paris

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22
Q

What actions did the National Assembly take?

A

Abolished the french nobility and the National Assembly became the head lawmaking power

23
Q

Olympe de Gouges published what challenge to the ideals of the revolution?

A

Declaration of the Rights of Woman

24
Q

What action did the National Assembly take in regard to religion?

A

Granted religious freedom to Jews and Protestants, nationalized Catholic property and abolished monestaries

25
Q

What is assignat?

A

New Paper Currency

26
Q

What was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A

Established a national church with priests chosen by voters

27
Q

How did Edmund Burke feel about the French Revolution?

A

Deeply troubled by the aroused spirit of reform, wrote Reflections on the Revoltion in France and felt that the revolutionary spirits would only end in chaos

28
Q

Who wrote a rebuttal to Burke

A

Mary Wallstonecraft in a Vindication of the Rights of Woman

29
Q

Declaration of Pillnitz

A

Professed the ruler’s willingness to intervene in France and restore Louis XVI’s monarchial rule if neccessary

30
Q

August 10, 1792

A

Tuileries palace attack. Suspended the king from all his functions, imprisioned him, and called for a new national convention to be elected by universal male sufferage. King was forced to live in old tuileries palace

31
Q

September 1792 the National Convention took what action

A

Proclaimed france a republic, a nation in which the people instead of the monarch held soverign power

32
Q

The Jacobins divided into what 2 competing groups?

A

Girondists: moderate group (conservative), fought for control of the French National Convention

The Mountains: Robespierre, radical faction, seized legislative power (radicals)

33
Q

Describe the “sans-culottes” and their role in the french revolution

A

they were the laboring poor of paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of knee breeches like the nobility; they came to be known as the militant radicals of the city and joined with the Mountain for uprisings and invaded the Convention to arrest the Girondists

34
Q

What was the Committee of Public Safety

A

It dealt with threats from within and outside France, was led by Robespierre, and was given dictorial power to deal with the National emergency

35
Q

Describe the Reign of Terror

A

Period from 1793-1794 during which Robespierre’s Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of treason and a new revolutionary culture was imposed

36
Q

What was the guillotine?

A

A new and humane form of execution; decapitation, it made everyone equal in death because everyone died the same way

37
Q

Who was Toussaint L’Ouveture?

A

Officer freed slave brought military and political skills, 4 thousand well trained soldiers, french war effort, key leader of combined slave and free forces, commander of saint-dominige; led revolution

38
Q

What happened to Robespierre?

A

The Convention organized a conspiracy, had him captured and executed

39
Q

What is the Thermidorian Reaction?

A

Reaction to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and loosening of economic controls. Thermidor = July

40
Q

What was the Directory?

A

Substituted the National Convention. A five man executive that formed a new constitution

41
Q

Who led the coup against the Directory

A

Napoleon

42
Q

What title was Napoleon given

A

First Consul of the State

43
Q

Describe the Napoleonic Code

A

French Civil code promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and absolute security of wealth and private property to women by previous revolutionary laws

44
Q

What was the Concordat of 1801

A

The Pope gained the right for French Catholics to practice their religion freely while Napoleon gained political power: nominated bishop,s paid clergy, exerted great influence over church

45
Q

What happened to Napoleon’s plan to attack Great Britain?

A

his Mediterranean fleet was destroyed by Lord Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar on Oct. 21

46
Q

Napoleon defeated Austria and Russia at what battle

A

Battle of Austerlitz in Dec. 1805; his greatest victory

47
Q

Describe the German Confederation of the Rhine

A

Union of 15 German States -Austria, Prussia and Saxony. Napoleon was the “protector: of the Confederation and abolished many states and HRE

48
Q

Describe the War of Hatian Indepdence

A

War to allow saint dominigue to be an independent country

49
Q

What was the Continental System

A

Blockade imposed by Napoleon to halt all trade between continential Europe and Britain, thereby weakening the british economy and military

50
Q

Where did Napoleon invade in June 1812

A

Russia

51
Q

What happened at the Battle of Borodino

A

Draw; Russians retreated and evacuated and burned Moscow to force Napoleon to retreat

52
Q

How was Napoleon defeated in Russia

A

Russian army, Russian winter, starvation (scorched earth method)

53
Q

What happened when Napoleon abdicated the throne?

A

Exiled to Elba

54
Q

Describe the 100 Days

A

Napoleon escaped Elba and ruled over France for a turbulent 100 Days before being beaten at Waterloo and ultimately exiled to St. Helena

French Revolution (1 decks)

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