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European History > French Revolution > Flashcards

French Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Louis 16

A

supported America in the American Revolution, caused French bankruptcy, married to Marie Antoinette (daughter of Maria Theresa)

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2
Q

1st Estate

A

clergy members, tax exempt

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3
Q

2nd Estate

A

nobility, tax exempt

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4
Q

3rd Estate

A

everybody who isn’t nobility or clergy members, 96% of the population, paid taxes and feudal taxes

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5
Q

Cahiers

A

list of grievances for the Estates General for the king to fix

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6
Q

Abbe Sieyes

A

of the 1st Estate, supported the 3rd Estate, authored What is the 3rd Estate?

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7
Q

What is the 3rd Estate?

A

pamphlet authored by Abbe Sieyes, states the vitality of the 3rd Estate

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8
Q

The National Assembly

A

provisional government replacing the Estates General, made up of 3rd Estate members

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9
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

oath made by The National Assembly stating they wouldn’t disband until they wrote a Constitution

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10
Q

Jacques Necker

A

the king’s financial minister who tried to get the king to even out taxes

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11
Q

Storming of the Bastille

A

July 14,1789, 3rd class storms Bastille prison and released prisoners and killed the guards

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12
Q

The Great Fear

A

revolting low classes, organized middle class, nobles keep low

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13
Q

Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens

A

a blueprint for a constitutional monarchy, gives people due process of law

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14
Q

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A

confiscates church property

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15
Q

Assignet

A

money based on property

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16
Q

Legislative Assembly

A

a provisional constitutional monarchy, replaces the National Assembly

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17
Q

The March of Versailles

A

food shortages encouraged women to march to Versailles and take the king back to Paris

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18
Q

Jacobins

A

radical urban group supported by San-Culottes, liberal

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19
Q

San-Culottes

A

extremely radical working class, liberal

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20
Q

Girondins

A

moderate rule

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21
Q

Emigres

A

French nobles who fled and warned other countries of the Revolution

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22
Q

Declaration of Pillnitz

A

Austria and Prussia declare that France must restore monarchy, 1791

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23
Q

The National Convention

A

replaces Legislative Assembly, France’s 1st republic

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24
Q

Committee of Public Safety

A

executive branch of National Convention, led by Maximilian Robespierre

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25
Q

Maximilian Robespierre

A

leader of Committee of Public Safety

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26
Q

Law of Suspects

A

law stating anyone suspected of trying to overthrow the Convention or bad mouth them was beheaded

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27
Q

Reign of Terror

A

era of beheading

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28
Q

Republic of Virtue

A

general will of the reign of terror

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29
Q

Law of General Conscription

A

able bodied men were enrolled in the army

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30
Q

Madame Roland

A

famous salon owner, took a stand against the violence of the Revolution

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31
Q

Charlotte Corday

A

Girondin, stabbed Jean Paul Marat

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32
Q

Georges Danton

A

Robespierre’s main advisor, suggested Robespierre calm down, beheaded

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33
Q

Festival of the Supreme Being

A

replaced Christian worship, where Robespierre advocated de-Christianization in his “Republic of Virtue” speech

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34
Q

Franchise

A

right to vote

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35
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

middle class

36
Q

Directory

A

5 member executive committee dominated by the middle class, replaces National Convention

37
Q

Edmund Burke

A

wrote Reflections on the Revolution in France

38
Q

Reflections on the Revolution in France

A

by Edmund Burke, about how 1 generation ruined much generation’s work

39
Q

Coup d’etat

A

Napoleon overthrows the directory

40
Q

Consul

A

3 member committee that replaces the Directory

41
Q

Napoleonic Code

A

codified French law, assured equality, property rights, and abolished serfdom

42
Q

Napoleonic Wars

A

a series of wars France fights against the European powers to expand his Grand Empire

43
Q

1st Coalition

A

against Great Britain, Prussia, Holland, and Spain, Netherlands and Italy came under French control

44
Q

2nd Coalition

A

Great Britain, Austria, Russia, the Directory was in shambles

45
Q

3rd Coalition

A

Great Britain, Austria, Russia, Austria’s main army was destroyed at Austerlitz and Austria allied with France

46
Q

Battle of Trafalgar

A

English navy defeats Spanish and French navies

47
Q

Horatio Nelson

A

leader of the English navy in the Battle of Trafalgar

48
Q

Austerlitz

A

Austria was defeated and allied with France

49
Q

Confederation of the Rhine

A

Napoleon swept Hapsburgs out of the Holy Roman Empire and gave the throne to his family

50
Q

Continental System

A

Napoleon doesn’t allow England to import or export in his realm, he controls ports

51
Q

Treaty of Tilsit

A

Russia honors the continental system and France won’t declare war on them

52
Q

Peninsular Wars

A

rebellions between Spanish Revolutionaries and France

53
Q

Fransisco Goya

A

“Third of May, 1808” the second most important painting in Spanish history, romanticism style, shows atrocity of France to Spain

54
Q

Cuba/ Puerto Rico

A

last remains of Spanish Empire

55
Q

Johann Von Herder

A

argued that people have a unique historical experience, it’s hard to mix people from different places, tried to get Germans to stand up to France

56
Q

Volksgeist

A

national spirit

57
Q

Frederic Von Schiller

A

German writer trying to turn Germany against France, wrote William Tell

58
Q

William Tell

A

by Frederic Von Schiller, about Swedish William Tell standing up to controlling Hapsburgs

59
Q

Strum and Drang

A

romantic literary movement started by Herder and Schiller that unified Germany

60
Q

Embargo Act of 1807

A

US denies trade with France and England, pulled US into war

61
Q

4th Coalition

A

against Britain, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden, France brought an army to Leipzeig, Saxony and was defeated at Battle of Nation, pushed back to France

62
Q

Count Klemens von Metternich

A

prime minister of Austria, spoke against Napoleon, wanted to return Europe to absolutism

63
Q

Lord Talleyrand

A

prime minister of France who wanted to re-establish the Bourbon line of kings with Louis XVIII

64
Q

Elba

A

the island napoleon was first exiled to

65
Q

Constitutional Charger of 1814

A

when Émigrés return, they came with this constitution for aristocracy in an attempt to undo the revolution

66
Q

Battle of Waterloo

A

Napoleon was again taken out by the powers and sent to St. Helena

67
Q

St Helena

A

the island Napoleon was sent to as a result of the Battle of Waterloo

68
Q

The Congress of Vienna

A

a congress attempting to undo the Revolution

69
Q

Lord Castlereagh

A

represented Britain

70
Q

Frederick William III

A

represented Prussia

71
Q

Alexander I

A

represented Russia

72
Q

Legitimacy

A

put nobles on thrones

73
Q

Balance of Power

A

keeping counties from becoming too strong

74
Q

Compensation

A

many countries were bankrupt, paid back with land

75
Q

German Confederation

A

renamed Holy Roman Empire, run by Hapsburgs

76
Q

Grand Duchess of Warsaw

A

renamed Poland, under Russia

77
Q

The Rhineland

A

loaded with iron and coal, under Prussia

78
Q
  1. Parma, Tuscany, Venetia, Lombardy
A

Italian countries under Hapsburgs, Venetia and Lombardy are annexed

79
Q

Splendid Isolation

A

Britain uses islands as coal stations, expands empire

80
Q

Quadruple Alliance

A

collective security agreement against rebellion between Prussia, Russia, Austria, and Great Britain

81
Q

Holy Alliance

A

Alexander I tries to form a Holy Alliance for rulers who vow to rule Christianly

82
Q

Concert of Europe/ The Metternich System

A

Congress of Vienna agrees to meet periodically in different European towns

83
Q

Carlsbad Decrees

A

Congress of Vienna dissolves any liberal or nationalistic actions in colleges

84
Q

Troppau Protocol

A

Alexander and Metternich agree that Russia has power over Poland

85
Q

Greek Revolution

A

rebelling Greeks are encouraged instead of being stopped by the powers

86
Q

London Protocol

A

gives Greeks independence

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