french rev and napoleon Flashcards
Who first proposed that the earth was in the HELIOCENTRIC orbit, in his book, Concerning the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres?
Copernicus
What view did the church insist was correct about the heaven prior to the 1800s?
Geocentric view
this was the belief that the planets orbit the sun
Heliocentric theory
which scientist is known as the father of experimental science for contributions like the TELESCOPE ?
Galileo
which scientist of the enlightenment first theorized the laws of gravity motion INERTIA? he also developed mathematics CALCULUS
Issac Newton
which scientist developed the scientific method of study
Bacon
how did the church respond to the findings of Galileo?
they put him through a inquisition where he was forced to recant. then they put him on house rest till his death.
which scientist of the enlightenment wiped out the deadly diseases small box with vaccinations
Edward Jenner
what contributions were made by Robert boyle
Boyles law relationship with pressure, gas
Divine rights of kings
to believe that monarchs received their right to rule from God and are accountable only to God
what type of monarch was Catherine the great Peter the Great King Louis the 14th?
Absolute monarchs that believed in the define rights of kings
which philosopher of the enlightenment is credited with the principle of separation of powers and checks balances
Montesquieu
which philosopher of the enlightenment, supported free, speech, free press , intolerance, freedom of religion
voltaire
which philosopher said all men created equal and that the majority should rule
Rousseau
this is a situation in which there is an absence of rules laws or an authority figure
A state of nature
which philosopher believes the torture and cruel and unusual punishment be abolished
Beccaria
What was a Salon
entertainment salons of the enlightenment is where people danced, ate, discussed debated and issues of the day
Who won the English Civil War
Cromwells New model army
when King Charles 1 lost the Civil War, what happened to him?
he was tried and executed. his head was chopped off
what were the social classes in France called?
three estates or estates general
which estate was the largest in terms of population
3rd estate (people of France)
what was the motto of the French revolution?
Liberty, equality, and fraternity
why did King Louis XVI call a meeting of the estate general?
france was bankrupt
where did the national assembly meet when they were locked out of the estate general? what did they promised to write?
tennis court/constitution
The enlightenment ideas of liberty property, speech, and religion were expressed in what French revolutionary document?
declaration of the rights of man and citizen written by Marquis de Lafayette
what was the guillotine?
called the “national razor” used to CHOP OF HEADS
define the reign of terror
20,000-40,000 people were executed during most radical phase of the revolution
Who was the leader of the reign of terror?
the committee of public safety was the government during this time and most infamous leader of the committee was ROBESPIERRE
how was marat killed
he was stabbed to death in a bathtub by charlotte
What is a coup d’etat and who first did this?
A sudden overthrow of a country by military force. Napoleon power over France in a coup
what was the scorched earth policy?
Russians burned everything and left nothing for Napoleon army to live off of
what was the continental system and which country did Napoleon try to harm with it?
to cut off trade with Great Britain and it didn’t work
what was Napoleons costliest mistake and what happened after he invaded?
he invaded Russia where he lost the bulk of his army
Most famous battle in history. in it napoleon suffered his GREATEST DEFEAT at the hands of the british duke of wellington
battle of waterloo
define lord Horatio Nelson
Britains greatest navy or army hero
biggest win was at the BATLLE OF TRAFALGAR
What territory did Napoleon sell to the United States president Thomas Jefferson? This land more than doubled the size of the continental US
Louisiana purchase
Napoleon proudest achievement. what was the Napoleonic code of french civil code?
Codified laws for france
Queen Victoria one said that this man was the “greatest man England ever produced” who was she talking about?
Duke of wellington
