French Rev Flashcards
get a 40 lol
What did Mirabeau describe as one of the most successful oratorical devices in the National Assembly?
“To show the interest of the provinces in opposition with that of Paris”
What does Colin Lucas argue about fiscal exemptions in the Ancien Régime?
That they were relatively easy to attain without particular difficulty by men of substance.
Who argues that there was no fundamental cleavage between the bourgeoisie and the nobility at the end of the Ancien Régime, and why?
Colin Lucas, because there was no significant functional or value differences, nor a bourgeoise class consciousness against the nobility.
What were the causes of unrest according to Ford?
(1) economic strains resulting from demographic and technological change;
(2) political ideas popularized by the debates of the Enlightenment;
(3) the contagious influence of the American Revolution;
(4) frustrating reverses in foreign affairs;
(5) the policies of often well-intentioned but seldom energetic or consistent public administrators;
(6) demands for social and economic change advanced by a wide variety of liberal or democratic critics; and
(7) the stiffening of conservative resistance
Who argued that conservative reaction pre-dated progressive reform?
R.R Palmer
What did R.R. Palmer argue that revolutionary violence was directed against?
Against a widespread campaign to push the Old Régime back to a renewed acceptance of privileges, viewed by their proponents as essential to orderly existence.
What does Ford argue about Jacques Necker’s Compte rendu (1781)?
That the ‘ensuing uproar’ proves that injustice and inefficiency may be tolerable for generations, until they begin to be discussed openly and, above all, statistically.
What did Calonne suggest to the ‘assembly of notables’ in 1787, and what was the response?
He suggested that they consent to a new, equitable land tax and to the elimination of many regional differences in payments.
They told him to get lost, and to cut royal expenditures instead.
What did Alexis De Tocqueville argue the old monarchy had done to set the stage for a truly national revolution?
Established a centralised and concentrated structure.
When did the Third Estate adopt the title of ‘National Assembly?’
17 June 1789
Who suggested that May to late June 1789 was a second revolution engineered by the lawyers, civil servants and businessmen of the Third Estate?
Georges Lefebvre
What sparked the July Days?
The concentration of foreign mercenaries reinforcing the garrisons of the Paris-Versailles region, the sacking of Necker on the 11th of July, who had been seen as a supporter of the people.
How did Franklin Ford describe the 4 revolutions of 1789?
The aristocratic revolution against the king’s actions against the parlements and tax impositions leading to the calling of the Estates General, the middle-class revolution within the Estates General leading to the National Assembly being formed, the common revolution within Paris culminating in the July Days and the storming of the Bastille, and the agrarian revolution and the Great Fear which carried the revolutionary fervour into the provinces.
What happened on the night of the Fourth of August?
It abolished the legal basis for the seigneurial system, as well as countless noble, ecclesiastical, corporate and provincial privileges.
When was the Declaration of the Rights of Man formally adopted?
26 August 1789
When was the Legislative Assembly formed?
30 September 1791
What proportion of revenues assessed through the end of 1791 was actually paid a year later?
One third
How did the liquidation of the biens nationaux make the revolution harder to stop?
Middle-class farmers and businessmen had purchased confiscated property, and did not want to risk that being reversed.
When was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy passed and what did it do?
12 July 1790, It provided for the election of priests, the abolition of old episcopal dioceses, and salaried bishops and priests.
When was the Austro-Prussian alliance formalised?
7 February 1792
When did the Legislative Assembly declare war on Austria and Prussia?
20 April 1792
When was the Flight to Varennes?
20-21 June 1791
What happened during the first week of September 1792?
The September massacres
When was the National Convention called to order?
21 September 1792
When was France declared a republic?
22 September 1792
When was the levée en masse?
23 August 1793
When was Louis XVI condemned, and when was he executed?
15 January 1793, 21 January 1793
What does Ford argue the three most serious domestic issues facing the Government after the execution of the King were?
Economic difficulties, counter-revolutionary uprisings, struggles between revolutionaries
How did the Convention relieve food shortages and inflation?
By instituting the Law of the Maximum (September 1793) and a ration-card system.
When was the Vendée revolt eventually crushed?
Late October 1793
What allowed the Mountain to condemn Brissot and the Girondins as enemies?
The defection of General Dumouriez
When were the Paris extremists under Hébert condemned?
17 March 1794
What was the Law of 22 Prairial?
A law pushed through by Robespierre, giving the Revolutionary Tribunal power to indict anybody who was an enemy of the people, and to deny them counsel.
When were Robespierre and Saint-Just executed?
10 Thermidor (28 July) 1794
