French Grammar Drills Flashcards
1
Q
definite article (la, le, les) goes before ____ (there are 9)
A
- titles and family names ex: le professeur Muller, les chabrol
- countries ex la France
- school subjects ex: la psychologie
- seaons ex: le pritemps
- days ex: le dimanche
- parts of the day ex: l’aube (dawn)
- languages ex: l français
- general categories and abstractions ex: les fraises (strawberries), le patience (patience)
- name and adjective clusters ex: le vieux Paris (old Paris), la petite Emilie
2
Q
omission of definite article
A
- titles monsieur, madame, madenmoiselle ex: monsiuer Dupuis
- a specific day ex: me chercer dimanche
- after preposition en ex: je suis forte en anglais (I am good in English), je vais skier en hiver (I am going skiing in winter), regarde la jolie en porte en bois (look at the pretty wooden door)
3
Q
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
ce = B4 ____ w/ _____
cet = B4 ____ w/ ____
cette = _____
ces = _____
A
ce = B4 masculine sing w/ consonant
cet = B4 masculine sing w/ vowel or h
cette = feminine singular noun
ces = masc and fem plural
4
Q
possessive adjectives
A
MY
mon - b4 masculine noun + fem starting with a vowel + h
ma - fem noun w/ consonant
mes - plural nouns
YOUR
ton
ta
tes
HIS/HER
son
sa
ses
OUR
notre
nos
YOUR (PL)
votre
vos
THEIR
leur
leurs
5
Q
elsewhere
A
ailleurs
6
Q
previously
A
auparavant
7
Q
formerly (in the old days)
A
autrefois
8
Q
outside
A
dehors
9
Q
ahead of time, early
A
en avance
10
Q
at this moment
A
en ce moment
11
Q
late (after the time)
A
en retard
12
Q
finally
A
enfin
13
Q
the day (or evening) before
A
la veille
14
Q
the next day
A
le lendemain
15
Q
everywhere
A
partout
16
Q
so much
A
tant
17
Q
All(of them)
Singular masculine:
Plural masculine:
Singular feminine:
Plural feminine:
A
All(of them)
Singular masculine: tout
Plural masculine: tous
Singular feminine: toute
Plural feminine: toutes
18
Q
Negating - ne … pas —> when drop e of ne?
A
Before a vowel or silent/mute h
19
Q
Pas —> where does it go in passé compose?
A
Between auxiliary ex: je J’ai pas répondu
20
Q
Never/anymore + placement in passe compose
A
Ne … Jamais
In passe compose it goes between the auxiliary and past participle
21
Q
Nothing/anything + placement in passe compose
A
Ne … rien
In passe compose it goes between the auxiliary and past participle
22
Q
Not yet + placement in passe compose
A
Ne … pas encore
In passe compose it goes between the auxiliary and past participle
23
Q
Nobody/anybody (+ placement in passé compose)
A
Ne… personne
(Goes after past participle in passé compose)
24
Q
Nowhere/anywhere (+ placement in passe compose)
A
Ne… nulle part
(Goes after past participle in passé compose)
25
Only + placement in passe compose
Ne … que
Goes after the past participle in passe compose
26
Nobody else/anybody else + placement in passé compose
Ne … plus personne
(Goes after past particular in passé compose)
27
Nothing/anything more + placement in passe compose
Ne … plus rien
Passe compose goes in between auxiliary and past participle
28
Never anybody
Ne … Jamais personne
29
Never anything + placement in passe compose
Ne … Jamais rien
Passe compose goes in between auxiliary and past participle
30
Never again/not anymore + placement in passe compose
Ne … Plus Jamais
Passe compose goes in between auxiliary and past participle
31
When saying from x country do you need an article before the country name? + give example
NO when using verb + when don’t use a verb use du (de + le) or de la
EX: Anna vient de Russia, Luisa du chili
32
___ is in/to for cities?
À
33
___ is “in” or “to” before feminine place names (including countries)
En
34
____ goes before masculine place names (including countries) (when talking about in the country)
Au or aux (plural)
35
____ or ___(b4 vowels) is from or of cities
De or d’
If you need the article it then becomes de la ___
36
____ or ____ is from or of before feminine place names (including countries)
De or d’
37
____ or ____ is from or of before masculine place names
Du or des
38
When does an avoir past participle change? And how does it change?
When it’s 1) the direct object in the sentence and 2) if the direct object is placed before the verb in the same sentence
It changed by agreeing in gender and number with the direct object
39
That
Que
40
Homework
Devoirs
41
The best
La meilleurs
42
Cat
Le chat
43
Newspaper/
Le journal, LES journaux
44
Give me
Donne-moi
45
Pass me
Passe-moi
46
The answer
La réponse
47
Dirty
Sales
48
Clean
Propre
49
To enter/to come back in
Passe compose with-_____?
Entrer/rentrer
Etre
50
To leave/to go back
Passe compose with-_____?
Partir/retourner
Etre
51
To come/to come back
Passe compose with-_____?
Venir/revenir
Etre
52
To fall/to become
Passe compose with-_____?
Tomber/devenir
Être
53
To be born/to die
Passe compose with-_____?
Naître/mourir
Être!
54
Past participle of mourir ?
Mort
55
Past participle of naître?
Né
56
Venir —> past participle
Venu
57
Past participle of Devenir
Devenue
58
Passe compose form of past participle for ir verbs
Add an i
Ex: J’ai obéi from obéir
59
Passe compose form of past participle for re verbs
Add u ex: J’ai attendu -> attendre
60
Garbage can
La poubelle
61
Verbs that change with passe compose from etre to avoir when they have a direct object: (5)
How does it change the meaning?
Monter
Descendre
Sortir
Rentrer
Passer
Took the ___+ verb meaning
62
Fast / speed
Vite / vitesse
63
Attic
Grenier
64
Neighbors
Voissins
65
The steps
Les marches
66
What is it? (2ways) + what is this thing
1. Qu’est-ce que C’est?
2. C’est quoi or C’est quoi Ça
67
Alt way to say what?
Quoi
Ex:
Qu’est-ce que tu fais ce soir —> tu fais quoi ce soir
68
Who called?
1. Qui est-ce Qui a appelé?
2. Qui a appelé?
3. C’est Qui Qui a Appel?
69
Est-ce que literally means ??
Is it true that?
70
Prepositions to express possession
À and de
71
Prepositions for location and direction
In/to: ___
Of/from: ___
In/to: à
Of/from: de
72
Prepositions to indicate quality, a use, or how something is done
À (always for food - of,in with) and de (with)
73
Prepositions used for time
À and de
74
Preposition used for transportation
En
75
Preposition used for materials
En
76
If it’s possible
Si c’est possible
77
Conjugation ouvrir
J’ouvre
Tu ouvres
Il.Elle ouvre
Nous ouvrons
Vous ouvrez
Ils/Elles ouvrent
78
Ir Verbs conjugated like er verbs (-e, -es, -e, -one, -ez, -ent) —> there are 4 related + 2 others (open and related … offer and related)
Ouvrir—> to open
couvrir - to cover
Découvrir - to discover
Recouvrir - to recover
Soufrir - to suffer
Offrir - to offer
79
Three verbs thay take -x instead of -s for je and tu forms
Pouvoir, Valoir (to be worth), vouloir (to want)
Ex je peux, tu peux
80
“Finir” pattern of ir verb conjugation — + how to tell it’s in this pattern
Je -is
Tu -is
Il -it
Nous -issons
Vois -issez
Ils -issent
How to tell: Describe the process of becoming.
Ex:
grossir - to become big
Finir - to become the end.get to the end
Rougir - to become red
81
“Partir” pattern of ir verb conjugation
Je -s
Tu -s
Il -t
Nous -ons
Vous -ez
Ils -ent
82
Have fun (idiom)
Ça Ça profites
83
You must see it
Il faut le voir
84
Crazy
Fou
85
Who is it - 2 ways
1. Qui est-ce
2. C’est Qui
86
Speaking in tu/informal form
Vs
Speaking in vous/formal form
Tutoter
Vs
Vouvoyer
87
Mainstream/fluent speaker/fluently (like water)
Couramment
88
The worst.
Le pire/la pire
89
Past participle of apprendre
Appris
90
An explanation
Une explication
91
Vivre - conjugation (to live)
je vis
te vis
il/elle vit
nous vivons
vous vivez
ils/elles vivent
(said: viv)
92
Des vs. un
un/une is for singular - des is for everything else
93
a. What a _____
b. Is the indefinite article needed?
a. Quel/quelle + adjective + noun
ex: Quel beau garçon
b. indefinite article not needed - note example above
94
shopping
achats (les achats) (noun)
95
projects
les projets
96
making nouns plural:
-s, -x, -z ->
remains unchanged in the plural
le nez, les nes
le fils, les fils
97
making nouns plural:
-al ->
-al --> -aux
le journal -> les journaux
98
making nouns plural:
-eau ->
-eau -> -x
le tableau -> les tableaux
99
plurality rules exception:
monsieur ->
madame ->
monsieur -> messieurs
madame -> mesdames
100
the jewel
le bijou
101
adverbs of quantity and measurements -> use what proposition?
de
102
not too much (being humble)
pas mal de
103
(really) a lot of_
vachment, beacoup, (lesser): tant de, tellement de
104
a piece of (NOT a slice of)
un morceau de
105
a slice of
une tranche de
106
a dozen
une douzaine de
107
a box of
une boîte de
108
several + does it require de/d'?
plusieurs + no it does not require de/d'
109
a few + does it require de/d'?
quelques + no it does not require de/d'
110
really (a lot) (use when verifying or emphasizing) + is it followed by de or du/des (article contraction)?
bien des + can be followed by contraction du/des
111
most of, the majority of + is it followed by de or du/des (article contraction)?
la plupart de + can be followed by contraction du/des
112
the fault, the faults
la faute, les fautes
113
something + nothing -> followed by __?
quelquen chose + rien are both followed by de/d'
114
fresh
frais
115
joke/jokes
la blague, les blagues
116
when use an adjective in the plural what happens to des?
it turns to de
ex:
je raconte des blagues
je raconte de bonnes blagues
117
not (something) -> what article comes after pas/"not"
ex: I do not want coffee
de comes after "pas"
ex: je ne veux pas de cafe
118
a bad day
un mauvaise journée
119
number at or around --> what add to the end of the number?
-aine
ex: douzaine (around 12)
120
a little rascal
un petit coquin
121
grocery store
l'épicerie
122
my child
mon petit
123
inside
dedans
124
adjective ends in must -e -> how does it change in the feminine singular form?
ex: calme
it stays the same in the feminine
l'homme est calme -> la femme est calme
125
responsible
responsible/responsables
126
reasonable
raisonnable/raisonnables
127
distracted
distrait/distraite/distraits/distraites
128
old-fashioned
démondé/démondée/démondés/démondées
129
frustrated
frustré/frustrée/frustrés/frustrées
130
in despair
désespéré/désespérée/désespérés/désespérées
131
spontaneous
spontané/spontanée/spontanés/spontanées
132
resigned
résigné/résignée/résignés/résignées
133
exhausted
épuisé, épuisée/épuisés/épuisées
134
irritated
énervé/énvervée/énervés/énervées
135
the lawn
la gazon
136
jumper/sweather
le pull
137
truck
le camion
138
news
nouvelle
139
adjectives going from masculine to feminine
- l, -n, -s ->
-l, -n,-s -> double it and add -e to make feminine
ex: bon -> bonne
gentil -> gentille
gros -> grosse
140
adjectives going from masculine to feminine
-x ->
-x -> -se
ex: affreux -> affreuse (awful)
charleureux -> chaleureuse (warm/welcoming)
peureux -> peureuse (frightening)
141
adjectives going from masculine to feminine
- f -> ?
-f -> -ve
ex: neuf -> neuve (brand new)
vif -> vive (bright/lively)
142
adjectives going from masculine to feminine
- er -> ?
Ex: Fier—>
- er -> ère
fier -> fière (proud
léger -> légère (light)
143
irregular adjective: masc-> fem
blanc ->
blanc -> blanche (white)
144
irregular adjective: masc-> fem
faux ->
faux -> fausse (false)
145
irregular adjective: masc-> fem
fou ->
fou -> folle (crazy)
146
irregular adjective: masc-> fem
frais ->
frais -> fraîche (fresh)
147
irregular adjective: masc-> fem
long ->
long -> longue (long)
148
irregular adjective: masc-> fem
malin
malin -> maligne (sly)
149
irregular adjective: masc-> fem
public ->
public -> publique
150
irregular adjective: masc-> fem
sec ->
sec -> sèche
151
irregular adjective: masc-> masc before a noun that starts with a vowel or mute h -> fem
beau ->
beau -> bel -> belle
152
irregular adjective: masc-> masc before a noun that starts with a vowel or mute h -> fem
nouveau ->
nouveau -> nouvel -> nouvelle
153
irregular adjective: masc-> masc before a noun that starts with a vowel or mute h -> fem
vieux ->
vieux -> vieil -> vielle (old)
154
making adjectives plural
-au ->
-au -> x
ex: beau -> beaux
nouveau -> nouveaux
155
making adjectives plural
- al ->
-al -> -aux
ex: oral -> oraux, amical-> amicaux
156
A novel
Un Roman
157
Brave - meaning change when placed before and after noun
Un BRAVE homme — a GOOD man
Un homme BRAVE — a BRAVE man
158
Certain — - meaning change when placed before and after noun
Un CERTAIN jour - SOME day
Un jour CERTAIN - a SET (certain) day
159
dernière — - meaning change when placed before and after noun
La DERNIÈRE page — the LAST page
Lundi DERNIÈRE — LAST Monday
160
La même — - meaning change when placed before and after noun
La MÊME idée - the SAME idea
L’idée MÊME - the very idea
161
Le pauvre - - meaning change when placed before and after noun
Le PAUVRE homme - the poor man (to be pitied)
L’homme PAUVRE - the poor man (no money)
162
Propre - - meaning change when placed before and after noun
Ma PROPRE voiture - my OWN car
Ma voiture PROPRE - my CLEAN car
163
Seule - - meaning change when placed before and after noun
Une SEULE fois - ONLY ONE time
Une femme SEULE - a woman ALONE
164
Falloir
Need/must/have
165
Just/previously (3 ways)
Précédemment -> means previously -> but not used in casual conversation only use for a few minutes ago and in formal conversation
Also
Venir (juste) de = To just do something
Je viens de parler avec Florian
Je viens juste de parler avec Florian
auparavant can mean that too in certain contexts when it’s more in the far past -> that is very rare don’t use - technically it means that too but it means more in the past
166
every morning, all morning/every day, all day
- tous les matins - every morning -> so how do you say all morning->
Toute la matinée
Tous les jours = Every day
Toute la journée = all day
167
how to say: I want to take a photo of X?
pronoun + prendre + object + en photo ex: il veut prendre cette maison en photo
j'ai pris cette bouteille en photo
J'ai pris une photo de cette bouteille
168
either - the format
non plus = either (at the end and using ne before the verb )
169
what day is it (today?) today is...
QUel jour on est - today is … on est…
170
never - the format
never —> ne before verb and jamais after
171
To restart
Redémarrer
172
actually vs. by the way
En fait = Actually
Au fait = By the way
173
A nephew/a neice
Un neveu/Une nièce
174
just - when it means just happened and when it means only
J'ai juste mangé un sandwich = I just ate a sandwich (I only ate a sandwich)
Je viens de parler avec Florian - I just spoke with Florian
Je viens juste de parler avec Florian
175
when is "en" used as a pronoun?
to replace any phrase or word introduced by de/d' -- often quantity
176
when it "y" used? (As a pronoun — two ways)
1) to replace any phrase or word that means "there" - often a location
2) replace a phrase with a + thing
ex: tu reponds a la question? oui, j'y reponds; tu penses a tes vacances? oui j'y pense
177
when use direct and indirect object pronouns in same phrase - what's the order of them?
the object pronouns follow the same order as the object in the sentence:
direct object → indirect objec
178
commands - do they have subject pronouns?
no
179
French possessive pronouns - do they need an article? even if preceded by à or de?
yes - and yes... then they become au or du/aux or des
180
mine/yours/his,hers/ours, yours, theirs
for each: masculine singular, masculine plural, feminine singular, feminine plural
le mien, les mien, la mienne, les miennes
le tien, les tiens, la tienne, les tiennes
le sien, les siens, la sienne, les siennes
le nôtre, les nôtres, la nôtre, les nôtres
le vôtre, les vôtres, la vôtre, les vôtres
le leur, les leurs, la leur, les leurs
181
this one/that one (fem and masc)
these ones those ones (fem and masc)
celui, celle
ceux, celles
182
aller conjugation
je vais
tu vas
il/elle/on va
nous allons
vous allez
ils/elles vont
183
etre conjugation
je suis
tu es
il/elle/on est
nous sommes
vous etes
ils/elles sont
184
vouloir conjugation
je veux
tu veux
il/elle/on veut
nous voulons
vous voulez
ils/elles veulent
185
avoir conjugation
j'ai
tu as
il/elle/on a
nous avons
vous avez
ils/elles ont
186
savoir conjugation
je sais
tu sais
il/elle/on sait
nous savons
vous savez
ils/elles savent
187
pouvoir
je peux
tu peux
il/elle/on peut
nous pouvons
vous pouvez
ils/elles peuvent
188
prendre conjugation
je prends
tu prends
il, elle, on prend
nous prenons
vous prenez
ils, elles prennent
189
voir conjugation
je vois
tu vois
il/elle/on voit
nous voyons
vous voyez
ils/elles voient
190
venir conjugation
je viens
tu viens
il/elle/on vient
nous venons
vous venez
ils/elles viennent
191
essayer conjugation
j'essaie
tu essaies
il/elle/on essaie
nous essayons
vous essayez
ils/elles essaient
192
connaître conjugation
je connais
tu connais
il/elle/on connaît
nous connaissons
vous connaissez
ils/elles connaissent
193
conditional endings
je -ais,
tu -ais,
il/elle/on -ait,
nous -ions,
vous -iez,
ils/elles -aient
