French Grammar Drills Flashcards

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1
Q

definite article (la, le, les) goes before ____ (there are 9)

A
  1. titles and family names ex: le professeur Muller, les chabrol
  2. countries ex la France
  3. school subjects ex: la psychologie
  4. seaons ex: le pritemps
  5. days ex: le dimanche
  6. parts of the day ex: l’aube (dawn)
  7. languages ex: l français
  8. general categories and abstractions ex: les fraises (strawberries), le patience (patience)
  9. name and adjective clusters ex: le vieux Paris (old Paris), la petite Emilie
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2
Q

omission of definite article

A
  1. titles monsieur, madame, madenmoiselle ex: monsiuer Dupuis
  2. a specific day ex: me chercer dimanche
  3. after preposition en ex: je suis forte en anglais (I am good in English), je vais skier en hiver (I am going skiing in winter), regarde la jolie en porte en bois (look at the pretty wooden door)
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3
Q

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
ce = B4 ____ w/ _____
cet = B4 ____ w/ ____
cette = _____
ces = _____

A

ce = B4 masculine sing w/ consonant
cet = B4 masculine sing w/ vowel or h
cette = feminine singular noun
ces = masc and fem plural

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4
Q

possessive adjectives

A

MY
mon - b4 masculine noun + fem starting with a vowel + h
ma - fem noun w/ consonant
mes - plural nouns

YOUR
ton
ta
tes

HIS/HER
son
sa
ses

OUR
notre
nos

YOUR (PL)
votre
vos

THEIR
leur
leurs

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5
Q

elsewhere

A

ailleurs

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6
Q

previously

A

auparavant

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7
Q

formerly (in the old days)

A

autrefois

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8
Q

outside

A

dehors

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9
Q

ahead of time, early

A

en avance

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10
Q

at this moment

A

en ce moment

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11
Q

late (after the time)

A

en retard

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12
Q

finally

A

enfin

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13
Q

the day (or evening) before

A

la veille

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14
Q

the next day

A

le lendemain

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15
Q

everywhere

A

partout

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16
Q

so much

A

tant

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17
Q

All(of them)
Singular masculine:
Plural masculine:

Singular feminine:
Plural feminine:

A

All(of them)
Singular masculine: tout
Plural masculine: tous

Singular feminine: toute
Plural feminine: toutes

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18
Q

Negating - ne … pas —> when drop e of ne?

A

Before a vowel or silent/mute h

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19
Q

Pas —> where does it go in passé compose?

A

Between auxiliary ex: je J’ai pas répondu

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20
Q

Never/anymore + placement in passe compose

A

Ne … Jamais

In passe compose it goes between the auxiliary and past participle

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21
Q

Nothing/anything + placement in passe compose

A

Ne … rien

In passe compose it goes between the auxiliary and past participle

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22
Q

Not yet + placement in passe compose

A

Ne … pas encore

In passe compose it goes between the auxiliary and past participle

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23
Q

Nobody/anybody (+ placement in passé compose)

A

Ne… personne

(Goes after past participle in passé compose)

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24
Q

Nowhere/anywhere (+ placement in passe compose)

A

Ne… nulle part

(Goes after past participle in passé compose)

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25
Q

Only + placement in passe compose

A

Ne … que

Goes after the past participle in passe compose

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26
Q

Nobody else/anybody else + placement in passé compose

A

Ne … plus personne
(Goes after past particular in passé compose)

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27
Q

Nothing/anything more + placement in passe compose

A

Ne … plus rien

Passe compose goes in between auxiliary and past participle

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28
Q

Never anybody

A

Ne … Jamais personne

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29
Q

Never anything + placement in passe compose

A

Ne … Jamais rien

Passe compose goes in between auxiliary and past participle

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30
Q

Never again/not anymore + placement in passe compose

A

Ne … Plus Jamais

Passe compose goes in between auxiliary and past participle

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31
Q

When saying from x country do you need an article before the country name? + give example

A

NO when using verb + when don’t use a verb use du (de + le) or de la

EX: Anna vient de Russia, Luisa du chili

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32
Q

___ is in/to for cities?

A

À

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33
Q

___ is “in” or “to” before feminine place names (including countries)

A

En

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34
Q

____ goes before masculine place names (including countries) (when talking about in the country)

A

Au or aux (plural)

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35
Q

____ or ___(b4 vowels) is from or of cities

A

De or d’

If you need the article it then becomes de la ___

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36
Q

____ or ____ is from or of before feminine place names (including countries)

A

De or d’

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37
Q

____ or ____ is from or of before masculine place names

A

Du or des

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38
Q

When does an avoir past participle change? And how does it change?

A

When it’s 1) the direct object in the sentence and 2) if the direct object is placed before the verb in the same sentence

It changed by agreeing in gender and number with the direct object

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39
Q

That

A

Que

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40
Q

Homework

A

Devoirs

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41
Q

The best

A

La meilleurs

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42
Q

Cat

A

Le chat

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43
Q

Newspaper/

A

Le journal, LES journaux

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44
Q

Give me

A

Donne-moi

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45
Q

Pass me

A

Passe-moi

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46
Q

The answer

A

La réponse

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47
Q

Dirty

A

Sales

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48
Q

Clean

A

Propre

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49
Q

To enter/to come back in

Passe compose with-_____?

A

Entrer/rentrer

Etre

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50
Q

To leave/to go back

Passe compose with-_____?

A

Partir/retourner

Etre

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51
Q

To come/to come back

Passe compose with-_____?

A

Venir/revenir

Etre

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52
Q

To fall/to become

Passe compose with-_____?

A

Tomber/devenir

Être

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53
Q

To be born/to die
Passe compose with-_____?

A

Naître/mourir

Être!

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54
Q

Past participle of mourir ?

A

Mort

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55
Q

Past participle of naître?

A

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56
Q

Venir —> past participle

A

Venu

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57
Q

Past participle of Devenir

A

Devenue

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58
Q

Passe compose form of past participle for ir verbs

A

Add an i

Ex: J’ai obéi from obéir

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59
Q

Passe compose form of past participle for re verbs

A

Add u ex: J’ai attendu -> attendre

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60
Q

Garbage can

A

La poubelle

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61
Q

Verbs that change with passe compose from etre to avoir when they have a direct object: (5)

How does it change the meaning?

A

Monter
Descendre
Sortir
Rentrer
Passer

Took the ___+ verb meaning

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62
Q

Fast / speed

A

Vite / vitesse

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63
Q

Attic

A

Grenier

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64
Q

Neighbors

A

Voissins

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65
Q

The steps

A

Les marches

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66
Q

What is it? (2ways) + what is this thing

A
  1. Qu’est-ce que C’est?
  2. C’est quoi or C’est quoi Ça
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67
Q

Alt way to say what?

A

Quoi
Ex:
Qu’est-ce que tu fais ce soir —> tu fais quoi ce soir

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68
Q

Who called?

A
  1. Qui est-ce Qui a appelé?
  2. Qui a appelé?
  3. C’est Qui Qui a Appel?
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69
Q

Est-ce que literally means ??

A

Is it true that?

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70
Q

Prepositions to express possession

A

À and de

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71
Q

Prepositions for location and direction
In/to: ___
Of/from: ___

A

In/to: à
Of/from: de

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72
Q

Prepositions to indicate quality, a use, or how something is done

A

À (always for food - of,in with) and de (with)

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73
Q

Prepositions used for time

A

À and de

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74
Q

Preposition used for transportation

A

En

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75
Q

Preposition used for materials

A

En

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76
Q

If it’s possible

A

Si c’est possible

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77
Q

Conjugation ouvrir

A

J’ouvre
Tu ouvres
Il.Elle ouvre
Nous ouvrons
Vous ouvrez
Ils/Elles ouvrent

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78
Q

Ir Verbs conjugated like er verbs (-e, -es, -e, -one, -ez, -ent) —> there are 4 related + 2 others (open and related … offer and related)

A

Ouvrir—> to open
couvrir - to cover
Découvrir - to discover
Recouvrir - to recover

Soufrir - to suffer
Offrir - to offer

79
Q

Three verbs thay take -x instead of -s for je and tu forms

A

Pouvoir, Valoir (to be worth), vouloir (to want)
Ex je peux, tu peux

80
Q

“Finir” pattern of ir verb conjugation — + how to tell it’s in this pattern

A

Je -is
Tu -is
Il -it
Nous -issons
Vois -issez
Ils -issent

How to tell: Describe the process of becoming.
Ex:
grossir - to become big
Finir - to become the end.get to the end
Rougir - to become red

81
Q

“Partir” pattern of ir verb conjugation

A

Je -s
Tu -s
Il -t
Nous -ons
Vous -ez
Ils -ent

82
Q

Have fun (idiom)

A

Ça Ça profites

83
Q

You must see it

A

Il faut le voir

84
Q

Crazy

A

Fou

85
Q

Who is it - 2 ways

A
  1. Qui est-ce
  2. C’est Qui
86
Q

Speaking in tu/informal form
Vs
Speaking in vous/formal form

A

Tutoter
Vs
Vouvoyer

87
Q

Mainstream/fluent speaker/fluently (like water)

A

Couramment

88
Q

The worst.

A

Le pire/la pire

89
Q

Past participle of apprendre

A

Appris

90
Q

An explanation

A

Une explication

91
Q

Vivre - conjugation (to live)

A

je vis
te vis
il/elle vit
nous vivons
vous vivez
ils/elles vivent
(said: viv)

92
Q

Des vs. un

A

un/une is for singular - des is for everything else

93
Q

a. What a _____
b. Is the indefinite article needed?

A

a. Quel/quelle + adjective + noun
ex: Quel beau garçon

b. indefinite article not needed - note example above

94
Q

shopping

A

achats (les achats) (noun)

95
Q

projects

A

les projets

96
Q

making nouns plural:

-s, -x, -z ->

A

remains unchanged in the plural

le nez, les nes
le fils, les fils

97
Q

making nouns plural:

-al ->

A

-al –> -aux

le journal -> les journaux

98
Q

making nouns plural:

-eau ->

A

-eau -> -x

le tableau -> les tableaux

99
Q

plurality rules exception:
monsieur ->
madame ->

A

monsieur -> messieurs
madame -> mesdames

100
Q

the jewel

A

le bijou

101
Q

adverbs of quantity and measurements -> use what proposition?

A

de

102
Q

not too much (being humble)

A

pas mal de

103
Q

(really) a lot of_

A

vachment, beacoup, (lesser): tant de, tellement de

104
Q

a piece of (NOT a slice of)

A

un morceau de

105
Q

a slice of

A

une tranche de

106
Q

a dozen

A

une douzaine de

107
Q

a box of

A

une boîte de

108
Q

several + does it require de/d’?

A

plusieurs + no it does not require de/d’

109
Q

a few + does it require de/d’?

A

quelques + no it does not require de/d’

110
Q

really (a lot) (use when verifying or emphasizing) + is it followed by de or du/des (article contraction)?

A

bien des + can be followed by contraction du/des

111
Q

most of, the majority of + is it followed by de or du/des (article contraction)?

A

la plupart de + can be followed by contraction du/des

112
Q

the fault, the faults

A

la faute, les fautes

113
Q

something + nothing -> followed by __?

A

quelquen chose + rien are both followed by de/d’

114
Q

fresh

A

frais

115
Q

joke/jokes

A

la blague, les blagues

116
Q

when use an adjective in the plural what happens to des?

A

it turns to de
ex:
je raconte des blagues
je raconte de bonnes blagues

117
Q

not (something) -> what article comes after pas/”not”
ex: I do not want coffee

A

de comes after “pas”
ex: je ne veux pas de cafe

118
Q

a bad day

A

un mauvaise journée

119
Q

number at or around –> what add to the end of the number?

A

-aine
ex: douzaine (around 12)

120
Q

a little rascal

A

un petit coquin

121
Q

grocery store

A

l’épicerie

122
Q

my child

A

mon petit

123
Q

inside

A

dedans

124
Q

adjective ends in must -e -> how does it change in the feminine singular form?

ex: calme

A

it stays the same in the feminine

l’homme est calme -> la femme est calme

125
Q

responsible

A

responsible/responsables

126
Q

reasonable

A

raisonnable/raisonnables

127
Q

distracted

A

distrait/distraite/distraits/distraites

128
Q

old-fashioned

A

démondé/démondée/démondés/démondées

129
Q

frustrated

A

frustré/frustrée/frustrés/frustrées

130
Q

in despair

A

désespéré/désespérée/désespérés/désespérées

131
Q

spontaneous

A

spontané/spontanée/spontanés/spontanées

132
Q

resigned

A

résigné/résignée/résignés/résignées

133
Q

exhausted

A

épuisé, épuisée/épuisés/épuisées

134
Q

irritated

A

énervé/énvervée/énervés/énervées

135
Q

the lawn

A

la gazon

136
Q

jumper/sweather

A

le pull

137
Q

truck

A

le camion

138
Q

news

A

nouvelle

139
Q

adjectives going from masculine to feminine

  • l, -n, -s ->
A

-l, -n,-s -> double it and add -e to make feminine

ex: bon -> bonne
gentil -> gentille
gros -> grosse

140
Q

adjectives going from masculine to feminine

-x ->

A

-x -> -se

ex: affreux -> affreuse (awful)
charleureux -> chaleureuse (warm/welcoming)
peureux -> peureuse (frightening)

141
Q

adjectives going from masculine to feminine

  • f -> ?
A

-f -> -ve

ex: neuf -> neuve (brand new)
vif -> vive (bright/lively)

142
Q

adjectives going from masculine to feminine

  • er -> ?
    Ex: Fier—>
A
  • er -> ère

fier -> fière (proud
léger -> légère (light)

143
Q

irregular adjective: masc-> fem

blanc ->

A

blanc -> blanche (white)

144
Q

irregular adjective: masc-> fem

faux ->

A

faux -> fausse (false)

145
Q

irregular adjective: masc-> fem

fou ->

A

fou -> folle (crazy)

146
Q

irregular adjective: masc-> fem

frais ->

A

frais -> fraîche (fresh)

147
Q

irregular adjective: masc-> fem

long ->

A

long -> longue (long)

148
Q

irregular adjective: masc-> fem

malin

A

malin -> maligne (sly)

149
Q

irregular adjective: masc-> fem

public ->

A

public -> publique

150
Q

irregular adjective: masc-> fem

sec ->

A

sec -> sèche

151
Q

irregular adjective: masc-> masc before a noun that starts with a vowel or mute h -> fem

beau ->

A

beau -> bel -> belle

152
Q

irregular adjective: masc-> masc before a noun that starts with a vowel or mute h -> fem

nouveau ->

A

nouveau -> nouvel -> nouvelle

153
Q

irregular adjective: masc-> masc before a noun that starts with a vowel or mute h -> fem

vieux ->

A

vieux -> vieil -> vielle (old)

154
Q

making adjectives plural

-au ->

A

-au -> x

ex: beau -> beaux
nouveau -> nouveaux

155
Q

making adjectives plural

  • al ->
A

-al -> -aux

ex: oral -> oraux, amical-> amicaux

156
Q

A novel

A

Un Roman

157
Q

Brave - meaning change when placed before and after noun

A

Un BRAVE homme — a GOOD man

Un homme BRAVE — a BRAVE man

158
Q

Certain — - meaning change when placed before and after noun

A

Un CERTAIN jour - SOME day

Un jour CERTAIN - a SET (certain) day

159
Q

dernière — - meaning change when placed before and after noun

A

La DERNIÈRE page — the LAST page

Lundi DERNIÈRE — LAST Monday

160
Q

La même — - meaning change when placed before and after noun

A

La MÊME idée - the SAME idea

L’idée MÊME - the very idea

161
Q

Le pauvre - - meaning change when placed before and after noun

A

Le PAUVRE homme - the poor man (to be pitied)

L’homme PAUVRE - the poor man (no money)

162
Q

Propre - - meaning change when placed before and after noun

A

Ma PROPRE voiture - my OWN car

Ma voiture PROPRE - my CLEAN car

163
Q

Seule - - meaning change when placed before and after noun

A

Une SEULE fois - ONLY ONE time

Une femme SEULE - a woman ALONE

164
Q

Falloir

A

Need/must/have

165
Q

Just/previously (3 ways)

A

Précédemment -> means previously -> but not used in casual conversation only use for a few minutes ago and in formal conversation

Also
Venir (juste) de = To just do something
Je viens de parler avec Florian
Je viens juste de parler avec Florian

auparavant can mean that too in certain contexts when it’s more in the far past -> that is very rare don’t use - technically it means that too but it means more in the past

166
Q

every morning, all morning/every day, all day

A
  • tous les matins - every morning -> so how do you say all morning->
    Toute la matinée
    Tous les jours = Every day
    Toute la journée = all day
167
Q

how to say: I want to take a photo of X?

A

pronoun + prendre + object + en photo ex: il veut prendre cette maison en photo

j’ai pris cette bouteille en photo
J’ai pris une photo de cette bouteille

168
Q

either - the format

A

non plus = either (at the end and using ne before the verb )

169
Q

what day is it (today?) today is…

A

QUel jour on est - today is … on est…

170
Q

never - the format

A

never —> ne before verb and jamais after

171
Q

To restart

A

Redémarrer

172
Q

actually vs. by the way

A

En fait = Actually
Au fait = By the way

173
Q

A nephew/a neice

A

Un neveu/Une nièce

174
Q

just - when it means just happened and when it means only

A

J’ai juste mangé un sandwich = I just ate a sandwich (I only ate a sandwich)

Je viens de parler avec Florian - I just spoke with Florian

Je viens juste de parler avec Florian

175
Q

when is “en” used as a pronoun?

A

to replace any phrase or word introduced by de/d’ – often quantity

176
Q

when it “y” used? (As a pronoun — two ways)

A

1) to replace any phrase or word that means “there” - often a location
2) replace a phrase with a + thing
ex: tu reponds a la question? oui, j’y reponds; tu penses a tes vacances? oui j’y pense

177
Q

when use direct and indirect object pronouns in same phrase - what’s the order of them?

A

the object pronouns follow the same order as the object in the sentence:

direct object → indirect objec

178
Q

commands - do they have subject pronouns?

A

no

179
Q

French possessive pronouns - do they need an article? even if preceded by à or de?

A

yes - and yes… then they become au or du/aux or des

180
Q

mine/yours/his,hers/ours, yours, theirs

for each: masculine singular, masculine plural, feminine singular, feminine plural

A

le mien, les mien, la mienne, les miennes
le tien, les tiens, la tienne, les tiennes
le sien, les siens, la sienne, les siennes
le nôtre, les nôtres, la nôtre, les nôtres
le vôtre, les vôtres, la vôtre, les vôtres
le leur, les leurs, la leur, les leurs

181
Q

this one/that one (fem and masc)
these ones those ones (fem and masc)

A

celui, celle
ceux, celles

182
Q

aller conjugation

A

je vais
tu vas
il/elle/on va
nous allons
vous allez
ils/elles vont

183
Q

etre conjugation

A

je suis
tu es
il/elle/on est
nous sommes
vous etes
ils/elles sont

184
Q

vouloir conjugation

A

je veux
tu veux
il/elle/on veut
nous voulons
vous voulez
ils/elles veulent

185
Q

avoir conjugation

A

j’ai
tu as
il/elle/on a
nous avons
vous avez
ils/elles ont

186
Q

savoir conjugation

A

je sais
tu sais
il/elle/on sait
nous savons
vous savez
ils/elles savent

187
Q

pouvoir

A

je peux
tu peux
il/elle/on peut
nous pouvons
vous pouvez
ils/elles peuvent

188
Q

prendre conjugation

A

je prends
tu prends
il, elle, on prend
nous prenons
vous prenez
ils, elles prennent

189
Q

voir conjugation

A

je vois
tu vois
il/elle/on voit
nous voyons
vous voyez
ils/elles voient

190
Q

venir conjugation

A

je viens
tu viens
il/elle/on vient
nous venons
vous venez
ils/elles viennent

191
Q

essayer conjugation

A

j’essaie
tu essaies
il/elle/on essaie
nous essayons
vous essayez
ils/elles essaient

192
Q

connaître conjugation

A

je connais
tu connais
il/elle/on connaît
nous connaissons
vous connaissez
ils/elles connaissent

193
Q

conditional endings

A

je -ais,
tu -ais,
il/elle/on -ait,
nous -ions,
vous -iez,
ils/elles -aient