French Explorations in North America

Question 0

Who opened the first school in Montreal?

Answer 0

Margarite Bourgeoys

Question 1

What is an artifact?

Answer 1

Is something that is made or shaped by humans. Artifacts often reveals something about society or culture that created them.

Question 2

Saint Marie-Margarite d´Youville founded what?

Answer 2

She founded the religious order called the Grey Sisters. They looked after the old people, orphans, the sick and the poor.

Question 3

What type of work did the religious orders perform in New France?

Answer 3

They provided medical care to the sick, charity to the poor, and education for children

Question 4

The St. Lawrence River Valley explored and mapped by……….

Answer 4

Jacques Cartier between 1534 and 1537.

Question 5

The five “Great Lakes” are……

Answer 5

Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior.

Question 6

The greatest of the French explorers after Jacques Cartier may well have been……

Answer 6

Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (or simply: La Salle). He sailed all the way down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico and claimed the entire Mississippi River Basin for the King of France.

Question 7

How long did the french take to explore the regions around the great lakes and to claim this land for the king of France?

Answer 7

It took almost 140 years to explore it.

Question 8

The economic cause for the territorial expansion of New France was………………….?

Answer 8

FURS! The search for new sources of fur is the economic activity that most contributed to the amazing territorial expansion of New France in the eighteenth-century and explains its immense territorial size in 1754 when the War of Conquest began.

Question 9

Characteristics of the Iroquoian way of life?

Answer 9

A. Sedentary, Agriculture, Matriarchy (SAM)

Question 10

What did Jacques Cartier accomplish?

Answer 10

A. Mapped the St Lawrence River Valley

Question 11

The date French explorations of North America began?

Answer 11

A. 1534

Question 12

What did the French borrow from the Indians?

Answer 12

A. Snowshoes, canoes, food such as corn, pumpkins, beans and squash.

Question 13

Consequences of the Fur Trade on Native tribes?

Answer 13

A. Dependence on European goods, Increased disorganization.

Question 14

Territorial expansion of New France. Cause?

Answer 14

The search for new sources of fur, the fur trade, furs.

Question 15

. The story of New France is, in many ways, the story of these three men called…..

Answer 15

“Louis”.

Question 16

What did the Indians borrow from the French?

Answer 16

A. Guns, iron pots, wool clothing, metal tools such as saws and axes.

Question 17

Who was Joseph-François Lafitau?

Answer 17

Lafitau was a French Jesuit missionary to New France in the early 18th century. His religious work is of no relevance to us. What is of importance, however, is that in addition to being a priest, Lafitau was also an “ethnologist” - a scientist who analyzes and compares human cultures. As you know, you need to remember the word “matriarchy” for the exam. Well as it turns out, it was Lafitau who first identified the Iroquois as being a “matriarchal” society and who first described the roles of Iroquoian women in this matriarchal society. You have already learned, for example, that the Iroquois, as a sedentary people, depended on agriculture to feed themselves and that it was the Iroquoian women who were responsible for this important work of planting, nurturing, cultivating and harvesting crops such as beans, corn, squash, and pumpkins. We know of all this, in large part, thanks to Lafitau and the two volume book he published in Paris in 1724 called “Customs of the American Indians Compared with the Customs of Primitive Times (Moeurs des Sauvages Amériquains, Comparées aux Moeurs des Premiers Temps)”.

Question 18

Fall of the French Regime?

Answer 18

A. New France was immense and hard to defend.

Question 19

Q. Causes of the War of Conquest (1754-1760)

Answer 19

A. Territorial Expansion; Control of the Fur Trade; Control of the Fishing Grounds.

Question 20

Quebec Act (1774)?

Answer 20

A. French civil law reestablished.

Question 21

Canadian society at the end of the French Regime?

Answer 21

A. Rights and duties linked the state, the seigneurs, and the colonists.

Question 22

Characteristics of New France when it became a British colony after the Conquest?

Answer 22

A. Agriculture; Dependent on a mother country; Fur trade.

Question 23

Reasons for the fall of the French Empire in North America?

Answer 23

A. Small military; small population; large territory.

Question 24

Q. Arrival of the Loyalists in Quebec?

Answer 24

A. Demand for a Legislative Assembly.

Question 25

ROYAL GOVERNMENT (p.34, p.42) and the ROYAL PROCLAMATION (pp.53-54). Please do not confuse these two political systems!

Answer 25

The Royal Government was French. The Royal Proclamation was British.

Question 26

Q. The constitution which introduced the parliamentary regime?

Answer 26

A. Constitutional Act (1791)

Question 27

When is a piece of paper not just a piece of paper?

Answer 27

When it is a CONSTITUTION, an ACT, or a TREATY.

Question 28

QUEBEC ACT (1774-1791). This constitution replaced the highly unpopular Royal Proclamation (1763) and was designed to appease (means “make happy”) the French Canadian population of Quebec. It did this in three ways:

Answer 28

(1) French civil law was reestablished; (2) Freedom of worship was granted; (3) The territory of the Province of Quebec was expanded dramatically so that the colony’s territory now extended from Labrador in the north to the Mississippi River in the south.

Question 29

One major economic change that took place during the period 1791-1840 ……

Answer 29

is that the timber industry developed

Question 30

After the Constitutional Act of 1791…….

Answer 30

the rise of the timber industry contributed to the decline of the fur trade.

Question 31

an economic change that took place after the Constitutional Act in the period between 1791 and 1840 was ….

Answer 31

TIMBER INDUSTRY

Question 32

For the exam, there is no question about Sir Guy Carleton; you do, however, need to know that the Quebec Act was ……….

Answer 32

passed as a result of the recommendations of Sir Guy Carleton. You also need to have a good working chronology of the events outlined in this post.

Question 33

One of the consequences of the arrival of the Loyalists in Quebec (p.63, p.69) was……

Answer 33

the demand for a legislative assembly.

Question 34

The Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the ….

Answer 34

Province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada

Question 35

The Constitutional Act of 1791 granted a legislative assembly made up of elected representatives to both of the newly …..

Answer 35

created provinces of Upper and Lower Canada.

Question 36

The Constitutional Act of 1791 established the parliamentary regime that is ….

Answer 36

the basis for democratic government in Canada.

Question 37

What The Royal Proclamation did….

Answer 37

• Dates: 1763 – 1774 
• Created the Province of Quebec 
(p.53) 
• Introduced English (British) Criminal 
and Civil Law (p.53) 
• Required potential office holders in 
the government of the colony to 
swear an oath under the TEST ACT
(p.54) 
• British administrative structures 
were established (p.54) 
• The territory of the colony was 
limited to the ST LAWRENCE 
VALLEY only (p.53)

Question 38

The Quebec Act dates…

Answer 38

1774-1791

Being Governor was not an easy 
job! As James Murray and Guy 
Carleton both discovered, the 
Royal Proclamation was very 
unpopular with French Canadians 
(p.56). The British Government in 
London passed the QUEBEC ACT 
in response to arguments 
presented by Guy Carleton that a 
CONSTITUTION was 
required for Quebec (p.58).