French Explorations in North America Flashcards
Who opened the first school in Montreal?
Margarite Bourgeoys
What is an artifact?
Is something that is made or shaped by humans. Artifacts often reveals something about society or culture that created them.
Saint Marie-Margarite d´Youville founded what?
She founded the religious order called the Grey Sisters. They looked after the old people, orphans, the sick and the poor.
What type of work did the religious orders perform in New France?
They provided medical care to the sick, charity to the poor, and education for children
The St. Lawrence River Valley explored and mapped by……….
Jacques Cartier between 1534 and 1537.
The five “Great Lakes” are……
Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior.
The greatest of the French explorers after Jacques Cartier may well have been……
Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (or simply: La Salle). He sailed all the way down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico and claimed the entire Mississippi River Basin for the King of France.
How long did the french take to explore the regions around the great lakes and to claim this land for the king of France?
It took almost 140 years to explore it.
The economic cause for the territorial expansion of New France was………………….?
FURS! The search for new sources of fur is the economic activity that most contributed to the amazing territorial expansion of New France in the eighteenth-century and explains its immense territorial size in 1754 when the War of Conquest began.
Characteristics of the Iroquoian way of life?
A. Sedentary, Agriculture, Matriarchy (SAM)
What did Jacques Cartier accomplish?
A. Mapped the St Lawrence River Valley
The date French explorations of North America began?
A. 1534
What did the French borrow from the Indians?
A. Snowshoes, canoes, food such as corn, pumpkins, beans and squash.
Consequences of the Fur Trade on Native tribes?
A. Dependence on European goods, Increased disorganization.
Territorial expansion of New France. Cause?
The search for new sources of fur, the fur trade, furs.
. The story of New France is, in many ways, the story of these three men called…..
“Louis”.
What did the Indians borrow from the French?
A. Guns, iron pots, wool clothing, metal tools such as saws and axes.
Who was Joseph-François Lafitau?
Lafitau was a French Jesuit missionary to New France in the early 18th century. His religious work is of no relevance to us. What is of importance, however, is that in addition to being a priest, Lafitau was also an “ethnologist” - a scientist who analyzes and compares human cultures. As you know, you need to remember the word “matriarchy” for the exam. Well as it turns out, it was Lafitau who first identified the Iroquois as being a “matriarchal” society and who first described the roles of Iroquoian women in this matriarchal society. You have already learned, for example, that the Iroquois, as a sedentary people, depended on agriculture to feed themselves and that it was the Iroquoian women who were responsible for this important work of planting, nurturing, cultivating and harvesting crops such as beans, corn, squash, and pumpkins. We know of all this, in large part, thanks to Lafitau and the two volume book he published in Paris in 1724 called “Customs of the American Indians Compared with the Customs of Primitive Times (Moeurs des Sauvages Amériquains, Comparées aux Moeurs des Premiers Temps)”.
Fall of the French Regime?
A. New France was immense and hard to defend.
Q. Causes of the War of Conquest (1754-1760)
A. Territorial Expansion; Control of the Fur Trade; Control of the Fishing Grounds.
Quebec Act (1774)?
A. French civil law reestablished.
Canadian society at the end of the French Regime?
A. Rights and duties linked the state, the seigneurs, and the colonists.
Characteristics of New France when it became a British colony after the Conquest?
A. Agriculture; Dependent on a mother country; Fur trade.
Reasons for the fall of the French Empire in North America?
A. Small military; small population; large territory.
Q. Arrival of the Loyalists in Quebec?
A. Demand for a Legislative Assembly.
ROYAL GOVERNMENT (p.34, p.42) and the ROYAL PROCLAMATION (pp.53-54). Please do not confuse these two political systems!
The Royal Government was French. The Royal Proclamation was British.
Q. The constitution which introduced the parliamentary regime?
A. Constitutional Act (1791)
When is a piece of paper not just a piece of paper?
When it is a CONSTITUTION, an ACT, or a TREATY.
QUEBEC ACT (1774-1791). This constitution replaced the highly unpopular Royal Proclamation (1763) and was designed to appease (means “make happy”) the French Canadian population of Quebec. It did this in three ways:
(1) French civil law was reestablished; (2) Freedom of worship was granted; (3) The territory of the Province of Quebec was expanded dramatically so that the colony’s territory now extended from Labrador in the north to the Mississippi River in the south.
One major economic change that took place during the period 1791-1840 ……
is that the timber industry developed
After the Constitutional Act of 1791…….
the rise of the timber industry contributed to the decline of the fur trade.
an economic change that took place after the Constitutional Act in the period between 1791 and 1840 was ….
TIMBER INDUSTRY
For the exam, there is no question about Sir Guy Carleton; you do, however, need to know that the Quebec Act was ……….
passed as a result of the recommendations of Sir Guy Carleton. You also need to have a good working chronology of the events outlined in this post.
One of the consequences of the arrival of the Loyalists in Quebec (p.63, p.69) was……
the demand for a legislative assembly.
The Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the ….
Province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada
The Constitutional Act of 1791 granted a legislative assembly made up of elected representatives to both of the newly …..
created provinces of Upper and Lower Canada.
The Constitutional Act of 1791 established the parliamentary regime that is ….
the basis for democratic government in Canada.
What The Royal Proclamation did….
• Dates: 1763 – 1774 • Created the Province of Quebec (p.53) • Introduced English (British) Criminal and Civil Law (p.53) • Required potential office holders in the government of the colony to swear an oath under the TEST ACT (p.54) • British administrative structures were established (p.54) • The territory of the colony was limited to the ST LAWRENCE VALLEY only (p.53)
The Quebec Act dates…
1774-1791
Being Governor was not an easy job! As James Murray and Guy Carleton both discovered, the Royal Proclamation was very unpopular with French Canadians (p.56). The British Government in London passed the QUEBEC ACT in response to arguments presented by Guy Carleton that a CONSTITUTION was required for Quebec (p.58).
