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Freediving > Freediving AIDA2 > Flashcards

Freediving AIDA2 Flashcards

Revision for Freediving AIDA2 test

1
Q

What are the organs of Respiratory System?

A

nose, diaphragm, lungs, air passages

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2
Q

How does air goes to alveoli?

A

air > nose/mouth > trachea > bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli

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3
Q

Where does gas exchange between lungs and blood take place?

A

alveoli

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4
Q

What is the circulatory system?

A

Heart pumps blood around body and to and from lungs

Blood transports oxygen around body

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5
Q

What carries oxygen around body?

A

Oxygen is carried by the red blood cells, bonded with haemoglobin

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6
Q

How is carbon dioxide transported back to lungs?

A

Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs carried in blood plasma

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7
Q

inhale

A

pressure is lower inside lungs

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8
Q

exhale

A

pressure in the atmosphere around body is lower

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9
Q

What is the muscle creating the pressure changes in lungs?

A

diaphragm, helped by intercostal muscles (between the ribs) and muscles around chest area

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10
Q

When does urge to breath arises?

A

When CO2 level in blood increases past a certain level

NOT when oxygen is too low.

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11
Q

The urge to breath manifests as…?

A

contractions - burning sensation of the diaphragm

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12
Q

How should you use ‘urge to breath’?

A

Use as an alarm, when it comes, slowly get ready to surface

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13
Q

What is hyperventiliation?

A

over-breathing, can be conscious or subconscious

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14
Q

Does hyperventiliation store more O2?

A

No, but it lowers the level of CO2, delaying the urge to breath

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15
Q

Why hyperventiliation is dangerous?

A

Because you don’t have the alarm/ urge to breath, you don’t know how far you can go

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16
Q

What are side effects of hyperventilation?

A

accelerate heart rate and metabolism,

reduce breath hold times

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17
Q

What are symptoms of hyperventilation?

A

euphoria, tingling in the extremities, light headness, dizziness, numbness around the mouth, metallic taste in mouth, semi paralysis of the hands

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18
Q

How to recover from hyperventilation?

A

breath normally and do not dive until symptoms go away

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19
Q

How to prolong dives without hyperventilation?

A
  1. train to increate CO2 tolerance

2. relax mind and body to minimize CO2

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20
Q

How to breathe before a dive?

A
  1. belly (abdominal) breathing
  2. preparation - relaxed, calm, controlled, conscious breathing
  3. exhale longer than inhale
  4. deep and slow
  5. Ensure final breath is complete
  6. avoid hyperventilation
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21
Q

How to do a recovery breath after a dive?

A

Deep quick full breaths in; relaxed passive exhale

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22
Q

How to do a prep breathing?

A
  1. belly breathing
  2. inhale and exhale through mouth
  3. breath in for a count, out for twice as long
  4. heartbeat slows down
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23
Q

Most noticeable effect on the body of a descent into water is…?

A

pressure

24
Q

Pressure increases at approx how many bar for every 10m of sea water

A

1 bar

0m - 1 bar - 1x Vol
10m - 2 bar - 1/2 Vol
20m - 3 bar - 1/3 Vol
30m - 4 bbar - 1/4 Vol

25
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

If temp is constant, vol of gas is inversely proportional to the absolute pressure

0m - 1 bar - 1x Vol
10m - 2 bar - 1/2 Vol
20m - 3 bar - 1/3 Vol
30m - 4 bbar - 1/4 Vol

26
Q

What are the main air spaces affects you during freediving?

A

ears, sinuses, lungs, mask

27
Q

When do you need to equalise?

A

equalize the pressure in ears, sinuses, mask to desend comfortably. no need for ascent

28
Q

What are the equalization techniques for ears?

A

Valsalva Manoeuvre

Frenzel Manoeuvre

29
Q

How to eqaulize the mask?

A

exhale intto it through nose

30
Q

How to equalize sinuses?

A

Usually equalise automatically with the ears

31
Q

How to equalise to avoid problems?

A 
1. equalise frequently and gently
2 slow descent if necessary
3. never force an equalisation
4. do not dive with a congestion
5. avoid using decongestants
6. relax
7. tuck chin in and relax your head and heck
8. swallowing
32
Q

What are the freediving equipments?

A
  1. Low volume mask
  2. Fins - Bi-Fins/ Monofins
  3. Wetsuit
  4. Weightbelt and weights
  5. Snorkel
  6. Lanyard
  7. Buoy and Line
33
Q

What are the difference between bi-fins and monofins?

A

Bi- Fins:

  1. Longer and more powerful than scuba fins
  2. materials can be plastic, fibreglass or carbon fibre

Mono fins:

  1. Different fining technique
  2. More powerful than bi-fins
  3. Not as manoeuvrable
34
Q

Characteristics of freediving wetsuit

A
  1. integrated hood for streamline
  2. either long john/ high trousers + jacket
  3. No zips for minimum flush
  4. Neoprene / yamamoto material for warmth and mobility
  5. fragile
35
Q

Where to wear weight belt?

A

worn on hips (not waist) to help deep breathing

rubber - so stays on hiips when stretched tight

36
Q

How to take care of the snorkel for freediving?

A
  1. attach something to it so it can float

2. remove from your mouth as you descend to help hydrodynamics and protect you in case of black out

37
Q

What is lanyard for?

A
  1. attaching you to desent line so you do not lose your bearings
  2. for rescue purposes where a counterweight is used
  3. quick release at wrist and rope end
38
Q

Buoy and line

A

handles to hold on to
for resting
bottom plate - white or with lights

39
Q

How many free-diving discipline are there within AIDA? What are they?

A

There are 8 freediving disciplines, 6 are competitive disciplines, 2 are only for pleasure or records.

Competitive disciplines (6)
1. static apnea
2,3. dynamic apnea (with or without fins)
4,5. constant weight (with or without fins)
6. free immersion (no fins)

for pleasure or records:

  1. variable weight
  2. no limits
40
Q

What is Static apnea?

A

breath hold, face down in pool

41
Q

What is Dynamic Apnea?

A

distance covered in one breath horizontally.

Can be with or without fins.

42
Q

What is constant weight?

A

swim down and back up using the same amount of weight

with/ without fins

grab the rope only to turn

43
Q

what is free immersion?

A

Pulling yourself down and back up a line, no fins

usually warm up for constant weight to save your legs

44
Q

What is variable weight?

A

descend with weight or sled, ascend without weights

ascend swiming and/ or pulling on the line

45
Q

no limits

A

descend on a weighted sled

ascend using an air filled lift bag or other buoyancy device

46
Q

what is LMC?

A

Loss of motor control

aka samba

hypoxic fit triggered by low oxygen levels (hypoxia)

diver may not be aware of the LMC

LMC can be a serious of uncontrollable muscle twitches and may be accompanied by confusion and lack of responsiveness

LMC usually only lasts for a few seconds and may or may not result in a BO (black out)

47
Q

What is a blackout? When will it occur?

A

Loss of consciousness caused by hypoxia towards end of a breath hold

not enough O2 for brain to function normally

brain shuts down and diver falls unconscious

after recovery from a BO, diver may not be aware it has happened

48
Q

How to prevent BO and LMC?

A
  1. gain experience to recognise symptoms of low O2
  2. slow progression approach on increasing depths and times.
  3. self awareness and experience
  4. do not hyperventilate before a dive
  5. dive within buddy’s limits
  6. do not dive if you are tired or unwell
  7. keep well hydrated
49
Q

what is the main cause of a BO?

A

stress is one of the main causes after hyperventilation

stress uses O2 faster

combo of stress, inexperience, bad technique and recovery are most common causes of BO/ LMC

50
Q

Signs of LMC (for buddy to check)

A
  1. loss of posture
  2. uncontrollable twitches
  3. facial distortion
  4. lack of focus in the eyes
  5. confusion
  6. mumbling
  7. trembling
  8. reduced responsiveness
  9. cyanosis (blue lips and face)
51
Q

how to help a diver with LMC?

A
  1. hold diver so airways are out of the water
  2. remove mask
  3. reassure him
  4. advise him to stop diving for the rest of the day
  5. check if there is any other injuries resulted from LMC
52
Q

Signs of BO (for buddy to check)

A
  1. no warning
  2. irregular kick
  3. unfocused eyes
  4. pulling line
  5. escaping air
  6. anything abnormal
  7. speeding up at end of a dive
53
Q

Symptoms of BO (for diver to feel)

A
  1. no warning
  2. ear ringing
  3. feeling of warmth
  4. dive starts to feel easier
  5. tunnel vision
  6. fuzzy thoughts
  7. tingling sensation
54
Q

how to rescue a freediver with BO?

A
  1. get diver to surface
  2. hold him so airways are out of water
  3. remove mask/ facial equipment
  4. Blow, Tap, Talk
  5. If diver is not breathing within 10s, give 5 rescue breaths
  6. If no recoery, remove diver from water, commence CPR and seek emergency medical assistance
  7. tell diver to stop diving for the day
55
Q

How to reduce risks if a BO or LMC occurs?

A
  1. never dive alone
  2. set netural buoyancy at 10m (to float up from at least 10m)
  3. take snorkel out of mouth before you dive
  4. have a buddy meet you for the last few meters
  5. learn and practice rescue techniques
  6. drop my weight belt at the first sign of trouble
  7. grab hold of something as soon as you reach the surface
  8. if you think you should act, act
56
Q

How long should you wait before freediving after scuba diving?

A

at least 12 hrs after a scuba dive;
18 hours after multiple dives

if using a dive computer, wait until the no-fly time clears

DO NOT accept air from a scub diver underwater

57
Q

What are the factors affecting your dive? (lifestyle before your dive)

A
  • Dehydration
  • Low Blood Sugar • Eating
  • Smoking
  • Decongestants • Exercise
  • Tiredness
  • Relaxation/Stress • Cold

Freediving (1 decks)

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