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Philosophy - Paper 1 > free will and determinism > Flashcards

free will and determinism Flashcards

1
Q

fatalism

A

the future is determined and will occur regardless of what you do

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2
Q

fatalism crit

A

regards statements about the future as true or false before they happen
just because one of the two will necessarily happen, doesn’t mean either of them will occur with necessity

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3
Q

physical determinism

A

laplace
all events in the universe are caused immediately preceding events
laplaces demon could predict everything if it had all data and the ability
*inductive argument- Hume

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4
Q

hard determinism

A

spinoza- theory of universal causation

no free will as a result of physical determinism

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5
Q

holbach

A

Holbach applies theory of universal causation to humans so humans are determined- hard determinism
*assumes humans are only physical

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6
Q

honderich

A

praise and blame are erroneous as a result of hard determinism
* Derrett punishment as forward looking rehabilitation

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7
Q

Libet’s experiment

A

brain activity before decision consciously made

however libet himself denies this undermines free will as still have power of veto

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8
Q

principle of alternate possiblities

A

a person has free will iff they could have done otherwise

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9
Q

Leopold and Loeb case

A

Darrow employs psychological determinism for their unmitigated murder
wins case

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10
Q

Virginian man

A

molests daughter only when has a tumour
happens twice
support for physical determinism and honderich

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11
Q

self control

A

Churchland
self control of desires as criterion for free will for a working society which requires responsibility
necessity for a “causal vacuum” simply a “rigid philosophical tradition”

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12
Q

soft determinism

A

free will is being internally determined

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13
Q

Frankfurt

A

if you think you have a choice you are morally responsible

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14
Q

soft determinism criticism

A

can’t really determine between internal and external causes as both physical

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15
Q

compatibilism

A

both free will and universal theory of causation

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16
Q

moral freedom

A

free if caused by an agents beliefs or desires

17
Q

Frankfurt desires

A

first order desire- object is in the world
second order desire- object is a first order desire
fits with everyday notions of free will

18
Q

Frankfurt desires criticism

A

second order desires no less causally determined

19
Q

Nelson

A

lack of free will is when the action is determined regardless of rational deliberation

20
Q

Hume on free will

A

compatibilist

free if the result of internal “willings and desires” rather than external compulsion or “violence” ie coercion

21
Q

Hume libertarianism crit

A

“negation of necessity and causes” firstly not true and if it did would make morality impossible as it cannot be linked to free will- “uniformity of nature” evidence for causation

22
Q

Descartes’ dualism

A

libertarianism

23
Q

dualism crits

A

incoherence of interactonalism
violation of the law of conservation of energy
neural dependence
rationale determined anyway?

24
Q

Sartre’s existentialism which is libertarianism

A

no universal human nature and God not real

human existence precedes human essence so we determine ourselves

25
Q

Campbell

A

libertarianism
feel so much like we have free will proposing something so revisionary as hard determinism evidence is on them to provide evidence
*do have evidence

26
Q

Chisholm

A

agent-creation criteria for free will

when nothing but the agent causes us to act - causa sui

27
Q

replies to causa sui objection

A

logic- nfinite regress of universe- why not more causae sui
quarks in quantum mechanics are uncaused
theology- free will makes sense

28
Q

Chisholm replies to how does causa sui work

A

problem for causation in general

hume constant conjunction

29
Q

theological determinism

A

God’s omniscience includes divine foreknowledge which means world is determined
as to know that P concerning the future is true means that P is true

30
Q

Calvinism

A

God has unconditionally elected some with irresistible grace - predestination

31
Q

Arminianism

A

Conditional election and free will

32
Q

Sorabji

A

omniscience includes foreknowledge
God is infallible
therefore no free will

33
Q

William Lane Craig

A

free will

foreknowledge follows like a “shadow” preceding in time

34
Q

Boethius

A

God exists outside of time - incomprehensible to humans
foreknowledge implies participation in time
divine knowledge doesn’t negate free will

35
Q

God talks about a rumour then it doesn’t happen because David pre-empts it

A

I Samuel 23:10-12

36
Q

Molina

A

knowledge of counter factuals

Philosophy - Paper 1 (6 decks)

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