Free Speech

Question 1

DNS Injection

Answer 1

Domain Name System Injection - DNS describes a set of servers that translate URLs into IP addresses. Requests can be intercepted and inspected through deep packet inspection before a fake IP address contained within China is sent back.

Question 2

Golden Shield

Answer 2

A system of surveillance and censoring enforced within China that restricts anything deemed offensive to the state. It blocks IP addresses that are suspicious, resets connections if certain keywords are detected, and utilises methods known as DNS injection and prefix hijacking.

Question 3

Deep Packet Inspection

Answer 3

A process where requests intercepted by Golden Shield are copied, with the duplicate being sent to a fake DNS server that inspects packets’ contents.

Question 4

Prefix Hijacking

Answer 4

A layer of censorship added by edge routers that inserts false routes into routing tables, blocking requests.

Question 5

BGP

Answer 5

Border Gateway Protocol - the protocol that allows data to be exchanged between different networks. It runs on edge routers.

Question 6

Edge Routers

Answer 6

Routers located between different networks, perhaps between two neighbouring countries.

Question 7

Routing Table

Answer 7

A table that contains a list of routes to certain other locations.

Question 8

Baidu

Answer 8

China’s most popular internet search site.

Question 9

Sina Weibo

Answer 9

China’s primary social media site. It is heavily censored.

Question 10

Filter Bubble

Answer 10

A term used to describe the selective filtered content shown to an individual.