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[3.9] Civil rights and race relations in the USA, 1850-2009 > Free at last, 1865-77 > Flashcards

Free at last, 1865-77 Flashcards

1
Q

From what date did the Emancipation Proclamation take effect?

A

1st January 1863

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2
Q

What is the 13th Amendment?

A

The amendment in the US Constitution that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude

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3
Q

What year was the 13th Amendment?

A

1865

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4
Q

How many ‘Freedmen’ did the 13th Amendment create?

A

4 million

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5
Q

What were some of the problems that former slaves facedafter the 13th amendment?

A
  • Lack of education
  • Illiteracy
  • Menial skills
  • Could only access low-paying jobs
  • Abolishing slavery didn’t abolish attitudes so they still faced discrimination
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6
Q

What was Special Field Order No.15?

A
  • William T. Sherman, a union general, issued the act
  • He proposed that each former slave should receive 40 acres and a mule from a 400,000 acre selection
  • Even though congress passed bills to enable this, it never took off, so it wasn’t successful
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7
Q

What is Sharecropping?

A
  • Plantation owners and land owners would rent out smaller sections of their land
  • As no other means of making money were available, poor white people and former slaves were the ‘sharecroppers’
  • The rent was typically paid with 1/2 the crop, hence the name sharecropping
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8
Q

What were some of the problems that Sharecroppers faced?

A
  • In order to raise money for equipment and seeds, Sharecroppers would borrow money using local credit systems which had very high interest
  • If they failed to pay back the loans, they were forced to offer part of their future crop
  • As a result of this, many were forced into a cycle of almost permanent debt
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9
Q

What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?

A

An instruction set up by Congress in 1865, in order to help former slaves and poor white people

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10
Q

What services did the Freedmen’s Bureau provide?

A
  • Food
  • Housing
  • Medical aid
  • Established schools
  • Legal assistance
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11
Q

When did the Freedmen’s Bureau shut down?

A

1872

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12
Q

Why did the Freedmen’s Bureau shut down?

A
  • Insufficient funding

- Pressure from white southerners

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13
Q

What were Black Codes?

A

Legislature passed in the former confederate states that discriminated against ex-slaves

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14
Q

What are some examples of Black Codes?

A
  • Mississippi: Black Americans were forbidden from owning land
  • South Carolina: Black Americans couldn’t own property
  • Georgia: Black Americans couldn’t get involved in politics
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15
Q

What party was Abraham Lincoln?

A

Republican

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16
Q

When was Lincoln assassinated?

A

14th April 1865

17
Q

What party was Andrew Johnson?

A

Democrat (War)

18
Q

Why did Lincoln choose Johnson as his Vice President?

A

In order to unify the nation

19
Q

How were Confederates able to be pardoned?

A
  • Johnson extended a formal pardon to those who were willing to take the oath of allegiance
  • Those who held high office or had property worth $20,000 were excluded but could be pardoned if they applied directly to Johnson
20
Q

Why did Johnson face so much opposition from Radical Republicans?

A
  • He allowed states to elect Confederate generals and politicians into their state governments
  • He allowed ex-confederate states to introduce Black Codes
  • He vetoed both the Freedmen’s Bureau bill, and the Civil Rights Bill
21
Q

What was the most significant moment in the Radical Republican’s opposition to Andrew Johnson?

A

Impeachment

22
Q

Why was Johnson impeached?

A

For ‘high crimes and misdemeanors in office’

23
Q

Was the impeachment of Johnson successful?

A

No, he survived in office by one vote

24
Q

What was a Scalawag?

A

A southern White person who agreed with and supported the union and was willing to work under Reconstruction

25
Q

What was a Carpetbagger?

A

A northern White person who went to the South after the Civil War to exploit it - typically economically

26
Q

What is the 14th Amendment?

A

The amendment in the US Constitution which recognizes all people who were born or naturalized in the US as citizens with equal rights to life, liberty & property, and equal protection of the law

27
Q

What year was the 14th Amendment?

A

1868

28
Q

Who became president in 1869?

A

Ulysses S. Grant

29
Q

What party was Ulysses S. Grant?

A

Republican

30
Q

What is the 15th Amendment?

A

The amendment in the US Constitution which gave all men the right to vote

31
Q

What year was the 15th Amendment?

A

1870

32
Q

What was the KKK Act?

A

The act which gave the President the authority to intervene in attempts to stop citizens from accessing their rights. If necessary he could suspend habeas corpus and/or deploy military troops

33
Q

What year was the KKK Act?

A

1871

34
Q

What year were the slaughterhouse cases?

A

1873

[3.9] Civil rights and race relations in the USA, 1850-2009 (7 decks)

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