Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FRCPC Dermatology Review > FRCPC Dermatology Review > Flashcards

FRCPC Dermatology Review Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 things associated with acanthosis nigricans

A
  • Obesity with insulin resistance
  • Drugs: nicotinic acid
  • Endocrinopathies: most commonly DM and , hyperandrogenic or hypogonadal syndromes
  • Genetic disorders with mutation in FGFR gene
  • Ethnicity: more common in hispanic and african american kids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How to treat acanthosis nigricans?

A
  • Treat underlying disorder
  • Weight loss for obese kids
  • 40% urea cream
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the first line treatment for uncomplicated comedonal acne?

A
  • Topical retinoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List three treatment options for mild to moderate papulopustular acne

A
  • Topical retinoid + benzoyl peroxide
  • Benzoyl peroxide + topical antibiotic
  • Benzoyl peroxide + oral antibiotic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List two treatments for severe papulopustular acne

A
  • Topical retinoid + benzoyl peroxide + oral antibiotic

- Isotretinoin 1mg/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List 4 possible hormone issues related to acne

A
  • PCOS
  • Menstruation
  • Adrenal tumour
  • Ovarian tumour
  • Steroid use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mechanism of action for retinoids?

A
  • Inhibit formation and number of comedones, reduce mature comedones, reduce inflammation, encourage normal desquamation of follicular epithelium
  • Side effect: irritation and dryness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the mechanism of action for benzoyl peroxide?

A
  • Antimicrobial agent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is one benefit of benzoyl peroxide?

A
  • Does not enhance antibiotic resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List three systemic antibiotics used in the treatment of acne

A
  • Tetracycline
  • Minocycline
  • Doxycycline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When to think about using systemic antibiotics to treat acne?

A
  • When there is no response to topical therapy for 6-8 weeks

- For moderate to severe papulopustular acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List three side effects of tetracycline

A
  • Not used in pregnancy or children < 8 because can stain teeth
  • Vaginal candida
  • GI irritation
  • Phototoxic reaction
  • Brown discolouration of nails
  • Esophageal ulceration
  • Inhibition of fetal skeletal growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List three side effects of minocycline

A
  • Raised ICP
  • Dizziness
  • Blue discolouration to skin
  • Hepatitis
  • Pneumonitis
  • Lupus like syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of isotretinoin/accutane

A
  • Reduces size and secretion of sebaceous glands, normalizes follicular keratinization, prevents new microcomedone formation, decreases P. acnes and anti-inflammatory effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the chances that accutane will work?

A
  • 40% cured
  • 45% still need topical therapies
  • 20% need repeat course
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List three side effects of isotretinoin

A
  • Teratogenic
  • Cheilitis
  • Xerois
  • Epistaxis
  • Blepharoconjunctivitis
  • Arthralgias
  • Thinning of hair
  • Increased risk of sunburn
  • Pyogenic granulomas
  • Colonization of skin with staph aureus: impetigo, infected dermatitis, folliculitis
  • Increased TG and cholesterol: need to rule out underlying liver disease before starting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List 5 features of fetal isotretinoin syndrome

A
  • Facial asymmetry
  • External ear malformations
  • Micrognathia
  • Flat nasal bridge
  • Ocular hypertelorism
  • Conotruncal malformations
  • Hydrocephalus, microcephaly
  • Intellectual and learning disability
  • Thymic aplasia/ parathyroid abnormalities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is one acne medication that cannot be combined with isotretinoin?

A

Tetracycline because it can cause benign intracranial hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List 5 dugs that can cause acne

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • Isoniazid
  • Phenytoin
  • Phenobarbitol
  • Lithium
  • Anabolic steroids
  • Vitamin B12
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List 5 differentials for angular cheilitis

A
  • Dry lips
  • Contact dermatitis from lip licking
  • Hypervitaminosis A
  • Iron deficiency
  • Zinc deficiency
  • Malabsorption syndromes
  • Crohn disease
  • Anorexia nervosa
  • Accutane
  • Oral thrush
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How to manage contact dermatitis due to poison ivy exposure?

A
  • Wash skin up to 2 hours after exposure with gentle detergent or soap formulated specially for contact dermatitis
  • Oatmeal baths and cool compresses for symptomatic relief
  • Antihistamines
  • Topical steroids with 0.05% clobetasol propionate
  • Oral steroids for severe cases or face/genital involvement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of immunodeficiency is seen in kids with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia?

A

Dysgammaglobulinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why are congenital melanocytic nevi removed?

A
  • For cosmetic reasons

- To decrease the chance of malignant transformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

List 5 ways to prevent skin cancer

A
  • Sunscreen with SPF > 15-30
  • Hat, long sleeves, pants
  • Avoid direct sunlight from 1000-1600
  • Avoid tanning beds
  • Routine yearly skin examination for changing nevi
  • Review ABCDEs with patients
  • Baseline medical photography for congenital or atypical lesions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the natural history of a halo nevus?
- Subsequent disappearance of the central nevus over months | - Depigmented area may or may not repigment
26
List 5 things about a skin finding that would make you worried about malignancy
- Rapid increase in size - Satellite lesions - Change in colour, especially red, brown, gray, black, blue - Change in texture with scaling, erosion, ulceration, induration - Irregular borders - Regional lymphadenopathy
27
What are the ABCDEs?
- Asymmetry - Border irregularity - Colour variability - Diameter > 6mm - Evolution: changes
28
List 5 treatments for common warts
- Duct tape: leave on for 6 days, repeat weekly for 2 months - Liquid nitrogen - Podophylin 25%: leave on for 4-6 hours - Imiquimod: for genital warts - Daily salicylic acid: slow but painless, need to apply daily for 5 days then take 2 days off
29
For how long is olluscum contagiosum contagious?
For the entire duration that the rash is present
30
List 5 differentials for erythema nodosum
- GAS infection - TB - Mycoplasma - Yersinia - EBV - Sarcoidosis - IBD especially Crohn disease - Behcet disease - Pregnancy - Leukemia/lymphoma - Medications: sulfonamides
31
How to manage erythema nodosum?
- Supportive care with NSAIDs | - If infection related will heal within 7 weeks; if related to active disease process can last up to 18 weeks
32
What is the pathogen that causes tinea versicolour?
Malassezia furfur
33
List three treatments for tinea versicolour
- Selenium sulfide topical therapy - Imidazole or terbinafine cream BID - Ketoconazole or fluconazole
34
List 4 risk factors for the development of dermatophytoses
- Immunosuppression - DM - Lymphoid malignancies - High cortisol level
35
What is the treatment for tinea capitis?
- Terbinafine (lamisil) 5mg/kg/day for 6-8 weeks - Draw baseline LFTs before starting terbinafine - Can also do oral itraconazole - Selsun blue shampoo or nizoral shampoo - Oral steroids if severely inflamed kerion
36
What is the natural history of trichotillomania?
- Remits spontaneously in most kids
37
List 5 conditions that are associated with alopecia areata
- Hashimoto thyroiditis - Atopy - Nail pits/ridges/opacification - Cataracts/lens opacification - Addison disease - Pernicious anemia - Ulcerative colitis - Myasthenia gravis - Collagen vascular disease - Vitiligo
38
What is the treatment for ringworm?
- Usually will clear spontaneously within several months | - If not can give a topical antifungal: terbinafine, ketoconazole, miconazole, cotrimazole BID for 2-4 weeks
39
What is the natural history of alopecia areata?
- Spontaneous resolution in 6-12 months - High potency topical steroids - Intradermal injection of steroids - Systemic steroids
40
List 4 poor prognostic factors in alopecia areata
- Alopecia universalis - Alopecia totalis - Extensive and rapid hair loss - Young age at onset - Numerous episodes
41
List 5 things that can precipitate telogen effluvium
- Childbirth - Fever - Surgery - Acute blood loss - Severe weight loss - Physical/emotional stress - Stopping OCP or steroids
42
What is the natural history of infantile hemangiomas (previously called strawberry hemangiomas)?
- Usually not present at birth - Rapid growth in the first few weeks of life followed by plateau of growth by 12-18 months then slow regression - 95% involute by age 9 - 50% involute without a trace and 50% will leave a scar (these can be lasered)
43
List 5 indications for treatment of a hemangioma
- Concerning area - Vision or airway threatening - Impairing function - CHF - Kasabach Merritt Syndrome - Rapidly growing - Recurrent bleeding/ulceration/infection
44
List the 6 components of PHACES syndrome
- Posterior fossa malformations: Arnold Chiari and Dandy Walker malformations - Hemangioma: large segmental on face - Arterial anomalies: esp carotid, cerebral, vertebral - Cardiac anomalies: esp AoC - Eye abnormalities: hemangiomas, cataracts, amblyopia, proptosis, ptosis, heterochromia, refractive error - Sternal or abdominal clefting
45
List 3 complications of a hemangiom
- High output CHF - Ulceration - Infection - Bleeding - Compression - Beard distribution associated with upper airway involvement - Kasabach Merritt Syndrome
46
See a child with nevus flammeus in the V1 distribution. What referral do you need to make and what complication are they are risk for?
- Ophthalmology | - Glaucoma
47
8 mo old child brought in with several brown lesions on the back. Parents say when they rub one a wheal forms. What is the condition?
- Urticaria pigmentosa | - Mastocytosis
48
Which metabolic abnormality is associated with subcutaneous fat necrosis?
Hypercalcemia
49
List 5 disorders that have cafe au lait macules
- NF1 - McCune Albright syndrome - Ruberous Sclerosis - Russell Silver Syndrome - Turner syndrome - Ataxia-telangiectasia syndrome
50
List 4 cutaneous manifestations of tuberous sclerosis
- Ask leaf spots - Shagreen patch - Periungal fibroma - Angiofibromas
51
List 5 diseases associated with vitiligo
- Addison disease - Hashimoto thyroiditis - Pernicious anemia - Diabetes - Hypoparathyroidism - IgA deficiency - Alopecia
52
List 3 treatments for vitiligo
- Potent topical corticosteroid - Topical tacrolimus or picrolimus - UVB light - Spontaneous remission in a small percentage
53
Which medication causes pseudoporphyria?
Naproxen
54
What is the typical presentation for pityriasis rosea?
- Herald patch presents first, can be anywhere, 1-10cm big, round with raised border and fine scale - 5-10 days later get generalized eruption of round/oval lesions < 1cm in a christmas tree pattern on the back - Can be asymptomatic or itchy
55
Is pityriasis rosea contagious?
No
56
List 2 treatment options for pityriasis rosea
- Observation - Lubricating lotion - Antihistamine or topical steroid for itching
57
Which individuals are you more likely to offer treatment for pityriasis rosea?
- Dark skinned individuals as there is a chance that there will be post inflammatory hyper/hypopigmentation
58
What is the typical presentation of psoriasis?
Erythematous papules that coalesce to form plaques with sharply demarcated irregular borders with thick silvery scale
59
What is Auspitz sign?
- Removal of scale that causes pinpoint bleeding
60
Picture shown of nail pitting. What is the diagnosis?
- Psoriasis - Nail pitting seen in 40% - In some patients this may be the only manifestation
61
List 4 treatments for psoriasis
- Topical therapy: corticosteroids, retinoid, vitamin D analog (calcipotriene), tar preparations, phenol and saline solution with tar shampoo - Phototherapy: narrowband UVB light - Systemic treatment: MTX, cyclosporine, oral retinoids - Biologic response modifiers: TNF a inhibitors
62
What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?
- Mineral oil followed by Selenium sulfide shampoo daily
63
In a child with a facial nevus flammeus who presents with a seizure, what would the expected finding be on head MRI?
Leptomeningeal venous angioma
64
List 3 complications associated with Sturge Weber syndrome
- Glaucoma - Hemiparesis contralateral to facial lesion - Seizures - Developmental delay
65
What is the typical presentation of Klippel Trenaunay syndrome?
- Vascular malformation present at birth with hypertrophy of affected limb
66
What is the most common cause of erythema multiforme?
- HSV infection | - Mycoplasma infection also a common cause
67
List 5 medications that cause toxic epidermal necrolysis
- Sulfonamides - Amoxicillin - Phenobarbitol - Hydantoin - Allopurinol - Ibuprofen - Infections like mycoplasma
68
List 4 drugs associated with Steven Johnson Syndrome
- Sulfonamides - NSAIDs - Anticonvulsants - Antibiotics

FRCPC Dermatology Review (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions