fransisco franco Flashcards
el franquismo
-was a dictatorship lead by franco and forced by the absolute rule of one person ,theres no individuality
-el fascismo de la falange -la base ideologica
-la iglesia ,patria y la familia
-spanihs coup -given control to take over the spanish army and attack Canary Islands
-after the victory of the civil war , he became head of state and the general in whihc he ruled for 40 yrs
conceptos importantes
-concertracion de poder
-nationalismo
-traditionalismo
-fascismo
-estraperlo
-communsmo
-censura
-exilio
-racionalimiento
francos rise to power
-franco was in the military academy and rose through ranks due to discipline
-was involved in many brutal attacks and helped in the spanish moroccan war
el francoism
key elements
-created a one party state called the falange espanola ,banning political parties and trade unions were banned
-ruled as ‘caudillo ‘ leader with complete control
-spanish inc in nationalism with unified spain ideologies ,suppressing Basque and Catalan lang and culture
-increase in catholosm , took control of education and welfare programs
-militarised scenario =new spain
-spains economy was self sufficient leading to poverty and isolation
-cencorship in films and media and art
examples of francos control
CENSORSHIP
-the newspaper and anti political
-ABC newspaper ruled under heavy cencorship
-banning of books like George Orwell
-picasso not allowed to publish art as expressed views
-not allowed rock or jazz as was seen as immoral -was known as la edad de plata -the grey period
how do people reflect on the francos rule
-some people glorify him and see it as a period of national unity
-many believes it was a time of oppression and fear
-the historical memory movement of the victims of francos repression . Political party PSOE and united left have mushed for mass graves and removal of francos monuments -like el valle de los caidos where his body was removed
-silent generation -the impact of division in spain is still prominent especially Basque and Catalan
positives and negatives of his rule
positives
-ensured stability in spain
-unified country
-prevented chaos of communism spreading
-industrialzation like trains
-restored military and order
-didnt intervene in wwII
Negatives
-absulute power
-supression of left wing views
-banned political [arties, trade union etc
-led to poverty
-supression of workers rights
-gender discrimination
-repression of regional culture
-cencorship
-poor working conditions
-trauma
-silent generation
el machismo en tiempo franqusimp
mujeres no tuvieron derechos y tuvieron roles tradicionales y dar sus vidas a sus novios
-ilegality of abortion
-ilegality of divorce
-gender base violence
-el novel de carmen lafaret described the traditional roles of women
-el falange - franco political party giving transitional gendered views of women and say that men are head of the house
el estraperlo
-Spain faced severe economic instability
-Rationing was instituted by the government, which further exacerbated the need for illegal trading.
-Items traded in the estraperlo market included food (especially staples like sugar, flour, and meat), fuel, alcohol, tobacco, clothing, and even foreign luxury goods. These items were often sold at inflated prices compared to the official rationed rates.
-coping mechanism
-church was lenient towards the black market as they were aware of the suffering
-Ration cards, called cartillas de racionamiento, were a part of daily life, but they were often not enough to meet
basic needs.
-40 percent of the food was brought illegally
- bread was rationed at about 1.5 pesetas per loaf in official markets. On the black market, the price could rise to around 4-5
-In urban areas, particularly in major cities like Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia, the estraperlo became a key way for people to get food.
los anos de hambre
resulting in a destroyed economy, damaged infrastructure,
sought to be self-sufficient,
Rationing System: The ration cards (cartillas de racionamiento) were used to limit the amount of food people could buy.
An estimated 500,000 to 1 million people died in the post-war period due to hunger and diseas
The Popular Saying “Tener hambre” (To Be Hungry): The phrase “tener hambre” (to be hungry) became more than just a description of physical hunger; it represented the pervasive sense of food insecurity that affected everyone in Spanish society.
Posters and speeches from the time emphasized the idea of self-sufficiency,
Many experienced growth delays, vitamin deficiencies, and anemia, as their diets
Franco’s Control Over Food Supply: The regime used its control over the food supply as a political too
los robos de los babies
-around 300,000 babies taken
-removed children from families he considered as dangerous (republicans)
-wanted to suppress opposition
-these children were raised as catholic
-mothers told that they were unfit to take care of their children -many taken away by doctors and nurses
-many mothers still dont know or have their children -there is a movement
