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Blood Bank > Frances' Notes > Flashcards

Frances' Notes Flashcards

0
Q

A and B alleles code for?

A

Glycosyltransferase enzymes that add sugar to H antigens for A and B antigen creation

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1
Q

Se and se

A

Codes for transferase enzyme the attaches fucose to create H antigen in secretions

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2
Q

A allele codes for?

A

Attaches N-acetyl-D-galactosamime to H antigen

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3
Q

B allele codes for?

A

Attaches D-galactose to H antigen

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4
Q

Copies of A1 allele on RBCS

A

1,170,000 - 810,000

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5
Q

Copies of A2 allele on RBCS

A

290,000 - 240,000

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6
Q

Other A subgroups

A

A3, Ax, Am, Ael

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7
Q

Anti A and Anti B antibody type

A

IgM

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8
Q

Anti A,B antibody type

A

IgG

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9
Q

When is allo- anti A clinically significant?

A

When it reacts at 37C

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10
Q

Anti-f

A

Compounded c and e haplotypes

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11
Q

Anti-G

A

Present with C or D, appears anti D and C which cannot be separated

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12
Q

Anti-Lw

A

Appears anti-D, usually an autoantibody distinguished with DTT
Needs interaction with Rh proteins to be expressed

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13
Q

Blue Top Tube samples may be used for?

A

ABORH testing only

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14
Q

Can adsorption cause RBC hemolysis?

A

Yes, if an antibody to an antigen present on the cell is absorbed it will cause the cell to lyse.

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15
Q

How long do you keep donor and recipient samples after testing?

A

One week after the transfusion, and ABO type and screen is valid for three days, meaning a maximum save time of 10 days.

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16
Q

What are the requirements of packed red blood cells to be used in an exchange transfusion?

A

CMV negative, preserved in CPDA – 1, less than five days old, irradiated, and sickledex negative

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17
Q

How can cold antibodies be removed to allow testing for alloantibodies to occur?

A

By using the pre-warmed technique to wash the cells, by adding DTT or 2ME to remove the antibodies

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18
Q

What is the difference between acquired B and B phenotype?

A

Acquired B is a transient condition caused by an infection, whereas B phenotype is a genetic condition inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.

19
Q

What is an amorph gene and what are some examples of this?

A

A nonfunctional gene, examples are le, se, and h

20
Q

What antibodies do the Bombay phenotype make?

A

Anti-H, anti-A, and anti-B, and anti-Lewis as well

21
Q

What antibody is commonly found in patients that received chronic or multiple transfusions?

A

Anti-S

22
Q

What can developing anti-I cause, and how does that development begin?

A

Anti-I arises from a Mycoplasma pneumonia infection which can cause transient Cold Autoimmune Disease secondary to the infection

23
Q

What types of hemolysis do ABO and Rh cause?

A

ABO antibodies cause intravascular hemolysis, Rh antibodies cause extravascular hemolysis

24
Q

In HDN what should you test to determine what antibody is the cause?

A

The mothers plasma should be tested as it will contain the antibodies that are attacking the fetal cells

25
Q

Why are platelets agitated during storage?

A

The agitation allows oxygen to enter the bag and keep the platelets viable as they need oxygen to survive

26
Q

What kind of blood should be given to IgA deficient patients?

A

Generally they are given blood that has been frozen in glycerol, which requires the blood to be washed and deglycerized before transfusion

27
Q

What are the expiration dates of “spiked” products?

A

Products kept at room temperature have a 4 hour expiration date, products that are refrigerated have a 24 hour expiration date.

28
Q

What is the key marker for TACO and TRALI transfusion reactions?

A

A drop in O2 saturation due to lung injury or circulatory overload

29
Q

What signs and symptoms does bacterial sepsis have?

A

An increase in temperature and a decrease in blood pressure

30
Q

How can sickle cells be separated for testing?

A

The cell suspension is added to a hypotonic solution which will burst normal red cells leaving only the sickle cells behind for testing.

31
Q

What are the requirements in labeling for blood and blood components?

A 
Name of component
Method of collection
Preservative and anticoagulant 
Content or volume 
Number of units in a pooled component
Sedimenting agent used in cytopheresis (hydroxyethel starch (HES))
32
Q

What particular type of solution should not be infused to the same tubing as blood or components that contains citrate?

A

Lactated ringer’s solution or other solutions containing calcium

33
Q

Can medications or other solutions be added to our infused through the same tubing as blood components?

A

No, with the exception of physiological saline, nothing may be added to the same tubing as this counts as modifying a pharmaceutical product

34
Q

What conditions cause a unit to be discarded prior to issue?

A

A purple color in a RBC bag indicating bacterial contamination
A hemolyzed bag
Donor units that have positive DATs

35
Q

If a unit is spiked before it’s expiration date and is then transfused can it still be used if it’s going to cross that expiration date?

A

Yes, but this is a rare exception

36
Q

What are the components of AS?

A

Adenine, dextrose, sodium chloride, and monobasic sodium phosphate or mannitol

37
Q

Should patients with TTP be given platelets?

A

The Thrombopoeitin will simply coat the new platelets and cause negative feedback

38
Q

How is cryoprecipitate made?

A

By thawing FFP at 12 6°C recovering the precipitate via centrifugation and refreezing it within one hour

39
Q

What are the expiration dates of thawed cryoprecipitate?

A

If thawed and not pooled it can be stored at room temperature for six hours, if pooled it may only be stored at room temperature for four hours

40
Q

Calculating the cryoprecipitate dose

A

The number of cryoprecipitate bags required = the desired increase in FVIII level x the patients plasma volume / the average units of FVIII per cryoprecipitate

41
Q

CCI calculation

A

(Post platelet count - pre-platelet count) x BSA/platelets transfused

A normal CCI should be greater than 5000 after transfusion

42
Q

What are the acceptable amounts of leukocytes in leukocyte reduced platelets?

A

< 8 x 10^5 or < 5 x 10^6

43
Q

What anticoagulant is used with apheresis platelets?

A

ACD-A

44
Q

What is the concentration of granulocytes in a granulocyte transfusion?

A

> 1 x 10^10

They are also irradiated to remove lymphocytes but maintain neutrophils

Blood Bank (11 decks)

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