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France - General Flashcards

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1
Q

Total cases of wine produced in France?

A

544 Million Casses

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2
Q

When was the modern AOC created and by whom

A

in 1935 with the creation of CNAO Coumité National des Appellation d’Origine

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3
Q

What is the INAO, when was it created and by who?

A

Institute National des Appellation Origine in 1947 by CNAO

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4
Q

What is the VdP and When was it created?

A

Vin de pays in 1930

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5
Q

What is the VDQS and when was it created and abolished?

A

Vin Delimité Qualiteé Superieur
Created in 1949
Abolished in 2010

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6
Q

Most planted grape variety in France?

A

Merlot

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7
Q

Most planted white variety in France, and what is it used to make?

A

Ugni Blanc, Used to make Armagnac and Cognac

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8
Q

14 Main AOC regions of France?

A
  1. Champagne
  2. Alsace
  3. Lorraine
  4. Loire
  5. Burgundy
  6. Jura
  7. Savoie
  8. Bagey
  9. Bordeaux
  10. Rhone
  11. South-west France
  12. Languedoc-Roussillion
  13. Provence
  14. Corsica
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9
Q

How many AOC’s?
Acres?
and cases?

A

490 AOC”s
1,093,614 acres
267m cases

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10
Q

AOC stands for?

AOP stands for?

A

Appellation d’Origine Controleé

Appellation d’Origine Protegeé

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11
Q

IGP Stands for?

A

Indicazione Geographica Protegeé

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12
Q

How many IGP appellations are in France?
Acres?
Cases?

A

177 Appellations
477,807 Acres
133m cases

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13
Q

Example of top IGP wine?

A

Mas Daumas Gassac

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14
Q

VdT Stand for?

A

Vin de France

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15
Q

VdF Acres?

Cases?

A

76,000 acres

25m cases

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16
Q

Cépage?

A

Grape Veriety

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17
Q

Chataignier?

A

Chestnut (Cooperage)

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18
Q

Chene?

A

Oak

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19
Q

Clairet?

A

Dark Rose, Light red, usually found in bordeaux

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20
Q

Clos?

A

A plot of land (micro-climate) enclosed by walls

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21
Q

Cru?

A

Growth

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22
Q

Cru Bourgeois?

A

A growth below cru classes

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23
Q

Cru Classes?

A

Classified vineyard in the Medoc or Provence

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24
Q

Cuve?

A

Vat

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25
Q

Cuve Close?

A

A sparkling wine that has undergone a second fermentation in a vat

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26
Q

Cuvée

A

Specific blend from multiple vats

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27
Q

What is a Demi-muid?

A

A large oval barrel of 300 Liters (600 liters in Champaign)

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28
Q

Demi-sec

A

Semi-dry

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29
Q

Doux?

A

Sweet wine

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30
Q

Elevage par X or Eleveur X

A

Traditional Negotiant X who has Purchased the win aged it, blended it, and bottled it.

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31
Q

Eleveé en…

A

Aged in…

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32
Q

Foudre?

A

A large wooden cask or vat

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33
Q

Fûts?

A

Barrels, are not necessarily small.

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34
Q

Grand Cru meaning?

A

Great Growth

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35
Q

Grand Vin?

A

When used in Bordeaux it refers to the main wine sold my the chateau

36
Q

Lieu-dit?

A

Named site

37
Q

Medaille?

A

Medal

38
Q

What is Methode Ancestral?

A

Sweet sparkling wine from Limoux that only undergoes primary fermentation.

39
Q

What is Methode Classique?

A

Legal term for Methode Champenoise

40
Q

Terms for Methode Champenoise?

A
  1. Methode deuxieme fermentation (Gaillac)
  2. Traditionnelle
  3. Methode traditionnelle classique
41
Q

Millesime?

A

Year

42
Q

What is Mistelle?

A

The fresh grape juice that has been muted with alcohol before fermentation

43
Q

What is Moelleux?

A
  • “Soft” or “Smooth”, implies rich medium sweet wine

- in the Loire, it used to indicate a truly rich, sweet botrytis wine

44
Q

Mousse?

A

Qhe effervescence of a sparkling wine

45
Q

Mousseaux?

A

“Cheep Fizz”

46
Q

Oeil de Perdix?

A

“Partridge eye”, rosé colored wine

47
Q

Recolte?

A

Vintage year

48
Q

Rubis?

A

Ruby, darker Rosé

49
Q

Saignee?

A

A rosé wine made by bleeding the surplus of juice from press of fermenting vat

50
Q

Sec

A

Dry

51
Q

Selection-de-grains Nobles?

A

Rare sweet wine using botrytis grapes in Alsace

52
Q

Tete de Cuveé?

A

Not a legal term, but refers to wine used from first pressing

53
Q

Tonneau?

A

Large barrel four times the size of a barroque

54
Q

Vendage Tardive?

A

Late Harvest

55
Q

Vin doux Natural

A

Fortified wine like muscat de Beaumes de Venise that has to be muted at 5-8%

56
Q

Vin de Glace?

A

Eiswein or Ice Wine

57
Q

Vin Juane?

A

Yellow wine of the Jura. It gets its name from the honey like color it develops from the deliberate oxidation under a sherry-like flor, results are similar to aged sherry.

58
Q

Vin de liquer

A

A fortified wine that is muted with alcohol before fermentation can begin

59
Q

Vin de Paille?

A

“Straw wine”, complex sweet wine made by drying late harvest grapes from the rafters over straw mats

60
Q

Vin d’une nuit?

A

A rosé or pal red wine that is allowed contact with the skins for only 1 night

61
Q

What is vin de press

A

Pressed juice

62
Q

What is vin de Goutte?

A

Free run juice?

63
Q

Chai

A

Storeroom usually about ground unless otherwise noted. Referring to the area for large cask, not bottles.

64
Q

What is Alluvium?

A

Alluvium is a loose clay and sand from rivers meaning, “to wash against”

65
Q

1 Hectoliter is equivalent to _______ gallons?

A

26.42 gallons

66
Q

What does Eau-de-vie mean?

What is it?

A

“Water of life”

Colorless double distilled fortified wine/fruit brandy

67
Q

How is Pineau des Charentes made?

A

Made from unfermented or slightly fermented grapes, to which cognac eau-de-vie is added.

68
Q

Another name of ugni blanc?

A

Trebbiano

69
Q

Two varieties of Pineau des Charentes, the grapes used?

A
  1. White - ugni blanc, folle blanc, sauvignon blanc, semillion
  2. Red/Rose- cabernet franc, cabernet sauvignon or merlot. Aged 14 months in oak, 16-22% ABV
70
Q

What is Frances oldest wine producing area?

A

Provence

71
Q

Where do to top rosé in France come from?

A

Tavel

72
Q

“Courtiers” meaning?

A

Brokers

73
Q

French Wine Law:

When was AOC Created and what was it based upon?

A

1936

Based on the self imposed Chateauneuf-du-Pape laws

74
Q

French Wine Law:

Stipulations on?

A
  1. Limits and yield
  2. Vineyard density
  3. Training and pruning techniques
  4. Grapes Variety
  5. Method of Production
  6. Minimum Alcohol Level
  7. Must Weight
  8. Geographical boundaries of each appellation
  9. Wines must pass a tasting panel
75
Q

IN what year did the INAO change its name and what to?

A

2007

L’Institute National de l’Origine et de la Quality (Kept acronym INAO)

76
Q

What is PDO and What is its relationship to AOP?

A

PDO is Protection Designation of Origin, and it is the Eu standardization that Frances AOP falls underneath.

77
Q

Vin de pays in _______(fraction) the production of all French wine?

A

1/3

78
Q

What in VdP?

And its standards?

A
  • Vin de Pays is a less restrictive classification
    Controls added sulfur and TA
  • Source grape from within a specified region
  • Must submit to tasting panel
    -No longer exist, Must use IGP now
79
Q

IGP Grape regulation?

A

at least 85% of grapes must come from the specified region

80
Q

What region of France has the highest amount of rainfall?

A

Medoc (Guildsomm)

81
Q

What are Microbullage, Cliquage, and Soutirage al’ air, explain the similarities and the differences?

A

They all involve adding oxygen to the wine, but each in different ways.

  • Microbullage is the method of adding tiny oxygen bubbles to a wine to soften the tannins
  • Cliquage is the technique of adding “macro” amounts of oxygen, moving from a reductive state to an oxidative state. differe from Microbullage, but more precise than Soutirage al’ air.
  • Soutirage al’ air is full saturation of oxygen in wine. less controlled than Cliquage
82
Q

Assemblage?

A

Blending of wine

83
Q

Remontage?

A

Pumping over of wine from the bottom of the barrel to the top over the must

84
Q

Pigeage?

A

The pushing down or breaking of the “cap” in the fermenting tank

85
Q

What is Gabbro?

A

Stone created by the cooling of magma chambers, equivalent to basalt

86
Q

What is Tirage?

A

to draw off blended wine for secondary fermentation

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