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France - Champagne Flashcards

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1
Q

Can you call a sparkling wine Champagne if it’s not from Champagne, France?

A

No, of the wine isn’t made from Champagne, France it legally can’t be called champagne. It can be called mèthode traditionalle or mèthode classique

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2
Q

Yeast goes dormant at what temp?

A

50 degrees Fahrenheit

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3
Q

What is the method of champagne used to make sparkling wine from Champagne, France?

A

Mèthode Champenoise

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4
Q

What are the two separate fermentations involved in Mèthode Champenoise?

A
  1. Creating a still wine (Vin Clair)

2. In a bottle create and trap carbonation

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5
Q

What is the soil type of Champagne?

A

Chalk

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6
Q

Where is Champagne located?

A

NorthEastern France - 90 miles from Paris

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7
Q

What is assemblage?

A

Process of blending done by the cellar master to make a house blend

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8
Q

What are the two main rivers of Champagne?

A

Velse River - Montage de Reims

Marne River - Valle de la Marne

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9
Q

What is the weather type of Champagne, France?

A

Cold, wet, and damp

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10
Q

What are the two main cities in the region of Champagne?

A

Reims

Èpernay

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11
Q

What region is closest to the city of Reims?

A

Montage de Reims

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12
Q

What region is closest to the city of Epernay?

A

Valle de la Marne

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13
Q

If a champagne is 100% Chardonnay which region was it probably produced in?

A

Côte de Blancs

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14
Q

If a champagne is 100% Pinot Noir which region was it probably produced in?

A

Montage de Reims

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15
Q

What are the two forms of pressing champagne grapes?

A

Cuveè - first pressing

Taille - second pressing, add with cuveè to make vintage or nonvintage champagne

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16
Q

What are the 5 regions of Champagne?

A

North to south

  1. Montage de Reims
  2. Valle de la Marne
  3. Côte de Blancs
  4. Côte de Sèzanne
  5. The Aube
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17
Q

What are the Grand Cru villages of Montage de Reims?

A

Sillery

Puisieulx

Mailly - Champagne

Verzenay

Beaumont - sur - velse

Verzy - added in 1985

Louvois

Bouzy

Ambonney

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18
Q

What are the Grand cru villages of Valle de la Marne?

A

Aÿ - Champagne

Tours -sur - Marne - red grapes only

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19
Q

What are the Grand Cru villages of Côtes de Blancs?

A

North to South

Chouilly - white only, added in 1985

Oiry - added in 1985

Cramant

Avise

Oger - added in 1985

Le- Mensil-sur-Oger - added in 1985

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20
Q

What is Remuage?

A

This is the process where the bottle is lightly shaken (either by hand or machine) in a way to gather the spent lees in the bottle towards the neck of the bottle

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21
Q

When no sugar is added and the wine is bone dry it is called?

A

Brut Nature

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22
Q

A minimal amount of sugar is added that is barely perceivable, wines are dry. This is the most popular style of Champagne produced?

A

Brut

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23
Q

Some sugar is added, making the wine off dry. The second most popular style of Champagne?

A

Extra Dry or Extra Sec

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24
Q

A heavy concentration of sugar added. This type of champagne is extremely sweet and is considered a dessert wine?

A

Doux Champagne

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25
Q

What are champage vineyards called?

A

Houses

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26
Q

What grape is a clone of Pinot Noir?

A

Pinot Meinsiur

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27
Q

What characteristic does Chardonnay have in sparkling wines?

A

Finesse

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28
Q

What characteristic does Pinot Meunièr have in Sparkling wine?

A

fruit character

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29
Q

What role Characteristic does Pinot Noir have in sparkling wines?

A

Weight and Structure

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30
Q

Primary grapes used to make Champagne in Montage de Reims?

A

Pinot Noir

Pinot Meunier

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31
Q

Primary grapes used to make Champagne in Valle de la Marne?

A

Pinot Meunier

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32
Q

Primary grape used to make Champagne in the Cote de Blancs?

A

Chardonnay

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33
Q

Primary grape used in the Côte de Sezanne to make Champagne?

A

Chardonnay

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34
Q

Primary grape used to make Champagne in the Aube?

A

Pinot Noir

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35
Q

The dead deposit of dead yeast or residual yeast and other particles that precipitate, or are carried by the action of “fining”, to the bottom of a vat of wine after Fermentation and aging is called?

A

Lees

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36
Q

What is the most common champagne style?

A

Non Vintage

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37
Q

Expelling the sediments from the title after Remuage is called?

A

Disgorgement

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38
Q

What grape accounts for the largest acreage in Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir

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39
Q

What is the most southerly region in Champagne?

A

The Aube

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40
Q

Which of the following methods involves a single fermentation that begins in tank but concludes in the bottle?

A

Mèthode Ancestrale

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41
Q

If a champagne is Blanc de Noir it is 100% what?

A

Black grapes that are approved for the Region of Champagne

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42
Q

If a champane is Blanc de Blanc it is 100% what?

A

Chardonnay

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43
Q

Louis Roederer produces the prestige cuveè “Dom Perignon”?

A

False - the Tete de Cuveè for Louis Rederdor is Cristal

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44
Q

The number of grams of sugar added after disgorgement is called?

A

Liqueur D’expedition also known as Dosage

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45
Q

What is another name for Dosage?

A

Liqueur D’Expedition

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46
Q

What is Liquer de Tirage?

A

Before the second fermentation the addition of wine, sugar and yeast

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47
Q

What are the steps of Method Champenoise?

A

Harvest

Pressing Grapes

Fermentation

Assemblage - Making Still Wine

Liqueur de Tirage

Second Fermentation

Aging

Riddling

Degorgement

Liqueur D’ Expedition (Dosage)

Recorking

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48
Q

How many bottles are on a Pupitre?

A

60 bottles

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49
Q

How many bottles does a Gyropallete hold?

A

504 bottles

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50
Q

What is the minimum aging for nonvintage wine?

A

15 months

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51
Q

What is the minimum aging for Vintage wine?

A

36 months

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52
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 0-12 grams per liter?

A

Brut

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53
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 0-3 grams per liter / no added Dosage?

A

Brut Nature / Non Dose

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54
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 12-17 grams per liter?

A

Extra Dry

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55
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 17-32 grams per liter?

A

Sec

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56
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 32-50 grams per liter?

A

Demi - Sec

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57
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 50 + grams per liter?

A

Doux

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58
Q

What is the largest champagne bottle size on the market

A

Solomon 18 L / 24 bottles

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59
Q

What are some common Champagne aromas?

A

Apple

Toast

Citrus

Yeast (Bread Dough)

Hazelnuts / Walnuts

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60
Q

What is the oldest sparkling Champagne House?

A

Ruinart - established in 1729 as a sparkling wine house

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61
Q

Who developed the formula for secondary Fermentation?

A

A pharmacist named Andre Francois along with Jean - Antoine Chaptal (chaptalization researcher)

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62
Q

Who created the first brut champagne?

A

Pommery in 1874

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63
Q

What is special about Champagne labeling?

A

They are the only appellation that is not required to state AOP/AOC on the label

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64
Q

How and why was the CIVIC created?

A

It was formed during Nazi occupation in 1941 by Count Robert Jean de Vogue of Moët to protect the interest of the Champenois from the Nazis

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65
Q

What was the first vintage of Dom Perignon?

A

1921

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66
Q

What is belemnite chalk?

A

Derived from cephalopods

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67
Q

What is micraster chalk?

A

Derived from sea urchins - common in the Valley

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68
Q

What is the most dominant soil type in the Aube?

A

Clay

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69
Q

What pruning methods are allowed in Champagne?

A

Cordon de Royat

Chablis

Valle de la Marne

Guyot (single and double)

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70
Q

What grapes other than the major 3 are permitted in Champagne?

A

Pinot Blanc Vrai

Abrane

Pinot Gris

Petit Meslier

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71
Q

What is the pressing limit enforced by the CIVIC since 1993?

A

102 L per 160kg of grapes

2,550L per 4,000kg of grapes (size of coequard press) also called a Marc

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72
Q

What does blocage and deblocage mean?

A

Blocage - the reserve of wine stocks for use in future vintages

Deblocage - the release

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73
Q

What is a matriculation number?

A

A number assigned to each producer by the CIVIC

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74
Q

What does NM mean on a Champagne label?

A

Negoicant Manipulant

  • a house that purchases grapes or base wine. They may also own their own vineyards
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75
Q

What does RM mean in a bottle of champagne?

A

Recoltant Manipulant

  • A grower producer who makes wine from estate fruit 96% must come from their own vineyards
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76
Q

What does CM mean?

A

Cooperative Manipulant

- A grower cooperative that produces a wine under one brand

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77
Q

What does RC mean?

A

Recoltant Cooperateur

A grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative but is labeled as their own brand

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78
Q

What does SR mean?

A

Societe de Recoltants
- a firm, not a co-operative, of growers often related who pool their resources to vinify their wines and market them under several brands

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79
Q

What does ND mean?

A

Negociant Distributer

- a middleman company, that distributes Champagne that they did not make

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80
Q

Where was Dom Pérignon cellar master

A

The Abbey of Hautvillers from 1668 til 1715

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81
Q

What does pétillant mean

A

Sparkling

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82
Q

What does Demi Mousseux mean

A

Crémont

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83
Q

What is the oldest champagne house still in operation today

A

Gosset - established in 1584, was founded as a still wine producer

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84
Q

Who is Madame Barbe - Nicole Ponsardin

A

The Vueve Cliquot

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85
Q

What did Madam Barbe Nicole Ponsardin pioneer once she took over the house of Cliquot

A

The development of the pupitre

86
Q

What was the name of the first Brut champagne produced by Pommery in 1874

A

Pommery Nature

87
Q

What region was removed from champagne in the realigning of Champagne in 1908

A

The Aube

88
Q

When was The Aube reinstated as a full Region of champagne

A

1927

89
Q

When was champagne enshrined into the AOC / AOP

A

1936

90
Q

What is the Commission de Châlons

A

Founded in 1936 in Champagne as a consortium of growers and merchants to develop quality standards and regulate pricing

91
Q

What are some of the wars that have taken place in or around Champagne

A

Hundred Years War

16th Century Religious Conflicts

Thirty Years War

World War I

World War II

92
Q

How many villages are authorized to grow grapes for Champange

A

357

93
Q

Pinot Noir is the prominent grape in what districts in Champagne

A

Montage de Reims

Côte des Bars (The Aube)

94
Q

Chardonnay is the dominant grape of what districts in a Champange

A

Côte de Sézanne

Côte des Blancs

95
Q

Pinot Meunier is the primary grape for what District in Champange

A

Vallée de la Marne

96
Q

What directions are the slopes facing in Côte des Blanc

A

Southeast

East

97
Q

Who can recieve Cru status in Champagne

A

Cru status is awarded to entire villages in Champagne , rather than individual vineyards or properties

98
Q

How many Grand Crus are in Champagne

A

17

99
Q

How many premier Crus are in Champagne

A

42

100
Q

What does the CIVIC regulate

A
  1. Size of harvest
  2. Authorizes blocage and deblocage
  3. Safeguards the protected designation of Champange
101
Q

What is the percentile system by which villages or Crus of champagne appellations are rated

A

Échelle de Crus

102
Q

If a village achieved the maximum échelle (“scale”) of 100 in Champagne what was it classified as

A

Grand Cru

103
Q

If a village acheivdd an échelle of 90 to 99 they are classified as

A

Premier Cru

104
Q

What were the only Premier Cru Villages with a 99% ranking

A

Mareuil - sur - Ay - Vallée de la Marne

Tauxières - Montage de Reims

105
Q

Villages in Champagne with a rating below 90 were classified as

A

Crus

106
Q

Large Champange houses such as :

Möet et Chandon

Louis Roederer

Vueve Clicquot Ponsardin

Tattinger

Pol Roger

Perrier - Jouët

Mumm

Laurent - Perrier

All fall under what type of champagne produced

A

Négociant Manipulant

107
Q

What is a MA

A

Marque d’Acheteur - a buyers own brand, often a large supermarket chain or resturant that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label

108
Q

The vin de cuveè while pressing accounts for the first __________ liters of Juice

A

2,050

109
Q

The vin de taille when pressing grapes for champagne accounts for following __________ liters, following the extraction of the vin de cuveè juices

A

500

110
Q

During the primary fermentation of the still wine during the making of champagne, what type of barrels are used

A

Stainless Steel

Oak - some used but new wood is used as well

111
Q

What is the heart of the Méthode Champenoise process

A

The second fermentation

112
Q

What is Prise de mousse

A

French for Second fermentation

113
Q

What type of bottle cap is used during the second fermentation

A

A crown cap

114
Q

What is a bidule

A

A plastic capsule that captures the sediment during Remuage

115
Q

How long does the second fermentation process last

A

Up to 8 weeks

116
Q

During the second fermentation the carbon dioxide creates a pressure inside the bottle of _______ to ______ atmosphere

A

5 to 6 atmospheres

117
Q

What is it called when each bottle is briskly shaken in order to prevent the sediment from sticking to the sides of the bottle

A

Pointage

118
Q

What is dégorgement à la glace

A

The dulling the neck of bottles into a freezing brine solution

119
Q

What is dégorgement à la volée

A

An older method of disgorgement

The same as dégorgement à la glace except the release of the sediments doesn’t take place in frozen liquid

120
Q

What is in the mixture of dosage

A

Sugar syrup and wine

121
Q

What is the minimum months non vintage champagne can be aged

A

15 months

122
Q

What is the minimum months vintage champagne can be aged

A

36 months

123
Q

What is a piccolo

A

A quarter champagne bottle

187 ml

124
Q

What is a Demi

A

A half bottle of champagne

375 ml

125
Q

What is the size of the standard champagne bottle

A

750 ml

126
Q

What is a magnum

A

2 bottles - 1.5 ml

127
Q

What is a jeroboam

A

3L - 4 bottles

128
Q

What is a Rehoboam

A

4.5 L - 6 bottles

129
Q

When was Rehoboam discontinued

A

In 1989

130
Q

What is Methuselah

A

6L - 8 bottles

131
Q

What is Salmanazar

A

9L - 12 bottles

132
Q

What is Balthazar

A

12L - 16 bottles

133
Q

What is a Nebuchadnezzar

A

15L - 20 bottles

134
Q

What is a Solomon

A

18 L 24 bottles

135
Q

What is the maximum amount of a years harvest may be sold as vintage Champagne

A

80%

136
Q

Comtes de Champagne is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Tattinger

137
Q

Cristal is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Louis Roederer

138
Q

Grand Siècle is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Laurent - Perrier

139
Q

Belle Épique is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Perrier - Jouët

140
Q

Cuveè Sir Winston Churchill is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Pol Roger

141
Q

Dom Ruinart is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Ruinart

142
Q

La Grande Dame is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Vueve Clicquot

143
Q

What are Coteaux Champenois and Rosé de Riceys

A

The still wine appellations within Champagne

144
Q

What type of wines are made in Coteaux Champenois

A

Red wine 🔴

White wine ⚪

Rosé ⚪🔴

145
Q

What type of wines are made in Rosé de Riceys

A

Pinot Noir

146
Q

Where is Les Ricey

A

A Cru village in the Aube

147
Q

How many AOPs produce Crémont wines produced by in the traditional method and what are they

A

7

Crémant de Bordeaux

Crémant de Bourgonge

Crémant de Loire

Crémant de Limoux

Crémant de Die

Crémant du Jura

Crémant d’Alsace

148
Q

What are the 3 appellations in Loire Valley that use the traditional method

A

Vouvray

Montlouis - sur - Loire

Saumur

149
Q

What are the appellations in Savoie that use traditional method

A

Vin de Savoie

Seyssel

150
Q

Where in Italy are the best traditional sparkling wines produced

A

Lombardy

Franciacorta DOCG

Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico

151
Q

True or False

All Spanish Cava is made in the traditional method

A

True

152
Q

True or False

All German Sekt is made in the traditional method

A

False - only the highest quality

153
Q

Where is the White Cliffs of Dover and what type of sparking wine do they make

A

United Kingdom

Champagne using the traditional method

154
Q

Nyetimber

Ridge view Estate

These are top producers of what and they are from where

A

Sussex and method traditional sparkling wines

155
Q

What is the leading house of method traditional in South Africa and what do they call their method

A

Graham Beck - Cap Classique

156
Q

What is the oldest form of the sparkling winemaking procedure

A

Méthode Ancestrale

157
Q

Is liqueur de triage neccrssary in Méthode Ancestrale

A

No, the yeast continues to ferment the remaining sugars in the bottle, giving the wine its sparkle

158
Q

Is dosage allowed in Méthode Ancestrale

A

No

159
Q

Who invented the Charmat method

A

Eugene Charmat in 1907 in France

160
Q

How many atmospheres does sparkling wine reach in the charmat Method

A

5 atmospheres

161
Q

What is the cheapest method of sparkling winemaking

A

Carbonation - simply injecting carbon dioxide into the still wine

162
Q

What is the name of the still wine that makes champagne

A

Vin Clair

163
Q

What does atmospheric pressure mean

A

A measure of atmospheric pressure:
1 atmosphere = 15 pounds per square inch

The average internal pressure of a bottle of Champagne is six atmospheres

164
Q

Keep Gringing!

A

Don’t give up!

165
Q

What are the 5 departments of Champagne

A 
Aisne
Aube
Seine et Marne
Haut Marne
Marne
166
Q

Which department accounts for the most planting of vines in Champagne

A

Marne at 66%

167
Q

How many villages make up champagne

A

330 villages

168
Q

How many grand crus are their in Champagne

A

17

169
Q

How many premier crus are there in Champagne

A

42

170
Q

What directions do most slopes face in Champagne

A

Predominantly south, east and southeast- facing slopes

171
Q

Pinot Noir is dominant in what areas in Champagne

A

Montagne de Reims and the Côte des Bar.

172
Q

Meunier is dominant in what areas of Champagne

A

Vallée de la Marne

173
Q

Chardonnay is the dominant grape of what area in Champagne

A

Cote Des Blancs

174
Q

What percentage of Pinot Noir is grown in Champagne

A

Pinot Noir makes up 38%

175
Q

What percentage of Meunier is grown in Champagne

A

Meunier makes up 32%

176
Q

What percentage of Chardonnay is grown in Champagne

A

Chardonnay makes up 30%

177
Q

What are some classic flavours of champagne

A 
Toast
Baked Bread
Biscuits
Pastries
Grilled Nuts
178
Q

What are the 3 legal stages where you can use sugar in Champagne

A
  1. Chaptalisation (ours during the still wine process)
  2. Liqueur de tirage
  3. Liqueur d’expédition
179
Q

What is Boues de ville (also known as Gadoues)

A

The dominant fertilizer used in Champagne from the 1960’s til 1998

The fertilizer was a combination of trash, plastic and crushed glass

180
Q

What is the dominant fertilizer soil addition in champagne

A

Wood Chips

181
Q

What is a geological blend

A

A blend that is based on grapes that come from a similar soil instead using a variety of terriors to make a house style

Pascal Agrapart is known for using this style in champagne

182
Q

What is the Maillard Reaction

A

A process involving the interactions of amino acids with the addition of sugar in the wine

This reaction is what gives champagne those traditional aromas and flavors of bread, yeast and dough

183
Q

What is the disadvantage of using wood chips as a fertilizer

A

Changes the nitrogen balance of the soil

The chips smother the soil

Negatively impacts life in the soil

Can bring new fungi that are not indigenous to the region

184
Q

What are some advantages of using wood chip fertilizers

A

They give the soil more structure

Help minimizes erosion

And allows the vineyard workers to drive trackers across the vineyard in wet weather

185
Q

What is Massal Selection

A

French wine growing term for the practice of replanting new vineyards with cuttings from exceptional old vines from the same (or nearby) property.

186
Q

What is Réseau Matu

A

(ripening observation network). Consisting of volunteer professionals – winegrowers, vineyard managers, House managers, etc – the Réseau Matu monitors ripening in 404 vineyard plots that represent the Champagne vineyard as a whole.

  • based upon their testing they create a harvest schedule for these selected vineyards
187
Q

Who invented the Pupitre

A

Madam Barbe Nicole Cliquot Ponsardin

Cellermaster Antoine De Müller

188
Q

Who invented the Muselet

A

Adolphe Jacquesson

189
Q

What is a Muselet

A

The wire cage that holds the champagne cork firmly and stops it from being pushed out by the gas pressure in the bottle

190
Q

What is Sucre - Oenomètre

A

Created in 1836

A device that allows winemakers to measure the amount of sugar in their wines quickly and simply

191
Q

Who invented the Sucre - Oenomètre

A

Jean Baptiste François

192
Q

What is Prisse de Mousse

A

Created in 1831

The quantity of sugar required for the secondary fermentation in the bottle

Also known as Reduction François

193
Q

Rich, powerful, and blended champagnes are the characteristics of what region in champagne

A

Montagne de Reims

194
Q

Fruity, easy drinking Pinot Meunier are the characteristics of what region in champagne

A

Vallee de la Marne

195
Q

Elegant and zippy chardonnay are the characteristics of what region in champagne

A

Cote de Blanc

196
Q

Soft and easy drinking pinot noir are the characteristics of what region in champagne

A

The Aube

197
Q

What bodies of water are located to the northwest of the region of champagne

A

North Sea and the English Channel

198
Q

How much sunlight does the region of champagne receive a year

A

1,650 hours of sunlight annually

199
Q

What is the average temperature a year in champagne

A

52 degrees

200
Q

How many acres of vines are in Champagne

A

84,000 acres

201
Q

What is method perpetualle

A

a solera style system used in champagne where winemakers store in a single barrel a particular vineyard over the course of years to create the perfect cuvee

202
Q

What three rivers are apart of the Montagne de Reims

A

Ardre , Velse, and Marne River

203
Q

Massif de St Thierry
Vesle et Ardre
Grande Montagne de Reims
Monts de Berru

These are the sub regions for what region in champagne

A

Montagne de Reims

204
Q

What sub region in Montagne de Reims is located northwest of the city of Reims and is known for its sandy soils

A

Massif de Saint Thierry

205
Q

What is the name of the road in Montagne de Reims that goes from north to south that acts like a dividing line between Reims and Epernay

A

D951

206
Q

What is the small area east of Reims that is isolated and is on a little known hill known chalk capped by sand, limestone, and clay

A

Monts de Beru

207
Q

What are the characteristics of the Mountain wines made in Montagne de Reims

A

They are more rigidly structured

208
Q

What are the characteristics of River wines made in the Montagne de Reims

A

More expansive breadth due to the soils and climatic conditions in location closer to the Marne River

209
Q

What are some characteristics of wines from Bouzy

A

High ripeness, full bodied wines due to warmer terrior, south facing slopes,

210
Q

What is the soil type of Bouzy

A

a hard bedrock of chalk with a variety of different top soils

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