Framing & Frame Rate

Question 1

What is Frame Rate?

Answer 1

is how many frames per second the camera can capture

Question 2

What is the Shutter Speed x Frame Rate Rule?

Answer 2

shutter speed needs to be 2x the speed of frame rate

Question 3

Explain 24fps

Used:

Type of Look:

Answer 3

• Cinematic & Artsy Look (soft with motion blur)
• Used: Films/Movies, Wedding Videos
• Quick motions will produce image stuttering (seeing every frame go by in a panning motion)

Question 4

Explain 30fps

Used:

Type of Look:

Answer 4

• Standard Frame Rate
• Used on: Youtube, TV, Sitcoms, Talk Shows,
• Industrial Videos
• Actioncam feel & more crispy
• Doesn’t add much cinematic storytelling aspect to videos

Question 5

Explain 60fps

Answer 5

• Life-Like
• Allows you to use 24p footage with the audio or slow it down to slow-motion B-Roll
• Sharp & Crisp Look (like watching the news or soap opera)
• Used: Fast action shots like Sports, GoPro, Sports Cars, etc

Question 6

Explain Video Exposure Tip

Answer 6

always set the camera to slightly underexposed as it is easier to brighten up footage in post-production

Question 7

faster frame rate =

Answer 7

higher quality footage

Question 8

What is a con of faster frame rates?

Answer 8

sacrifices in other areas – such as resolution, bit-depth, or increased chromatic sub-sampling

Question 9

What is a Motion Picture Frame Rate?

Answer 9

24p

Question 10

What is TV Frame Rate?

Answer 10

29.97p

Question 11

What is Camcorder/Reality TV Frame Rate?

Answer 11

60p

Question 12

Vlogging in 4k vs 1080p

Answer 12

DON’T vlog in 4k as you will lose dual pixel autofocus and there is a crop factor DO vlog in 1080p

Question 13

What is Bit Depth?

Answer 13

the range of colours your camera can capture

(which can have a dramatic impact not just on achieving lifelike tones but also on colour banding — those hard lines that sometimes appear between subtle shade gradients)

Question 14

What do higher bit depths do?

Answer 14

Higher bit depths reduce the chance of colour banding

Question 15

8-Bit Colour vs 10-Bit Colour

Answer 15

• A camera with 8-bit colour captures 256 shade values in the red, green, and blue channels, which, when combined, results in more than 16 million possible colours
• A camera with 10-bit colour captures 1,024 shades per channel, for more than a billion possible colours

Question 16

What does a pixel do on an image sensor?

Answer 16

Each pixel on an image sensor captures values for both luminance (brightness) and chrominance (colour).

Question 17

What is Chroma Sub-Sampling?

Answer 17

is a process that sees the chrominance value shared between two or more pixels

Question 18

What happens when more pixels share a chrominance value?

Answer 18

The more pixels that share a chrominance value, the less colour information is captured, which can result in the colour banding

Question 19

Explain 4:4:4 Chroma Sub-Sampling?

Answer 19

every pixel is capturing its own luminance and chrominance values

Question 20

Explain 4:2:2 Chroma Sub-Sampling?

Answer 20

signalling that just two pixels share a chrominance value

( is perfectly acceptable for most professional video work)

Question 21

What is the Best Chroma Sub-Sampling?

Answer 21

4:4:4 is better than 4:2:2 which is better than 4:2:0

Question 22

What is Lower Chromatic Subsampling Best Used For?

Answer 22

Less chromatic subsampling is best for VFX shots or projects involving green screens.

Question 23

What are Log Profiles?

Answer 23

Cameras with a log gamma curve can help you find the ideal dynamic range by capturing more information in shadows and highlights

(This data is a valuable asset in post-production when working to bring out details invisible in the original image, and can be used to create a distinct visual tone — such as simulating a specific type of film stock – during the editing process.)

Question 24

What are Codecs & Bit Rates?

Answer 24

consist of a combination of hardware and software that shrinks video data for faster transmission and to conserve storage

Question 25

Explain Higher Bit Rates (Cinema-grade Cameras)

Answer 25

little of the information captured in each frame is lost during the compression process, resulting in very high-quality images

(10-bit 4K (or higher) codec captures enough information to satisfy any broadcaster)

Question 26

Combining Frame Rates (Do’s)

Answer 26

• Combined 60fps + 30fps + 24fps
• Shoot 60fps Exported as 24fps
• Shoot 24fps Exported as 30fps

Question 27

Combining Frame Rates (Don’ts)

Answer 27

• Shoot 30fps Exported as 24fps

Question 28

What is Bit Depth?

Answer 28

the range of colours your camera can capture

which can have a dramatic impact not just on achieving lifelike tones but also on colour banding — those hard lines that sometimes appear between subtle shade gradients

Question 29

8-bit Colour vs 10-bit Colour

Answer 29

• A camera with 8-bit colour captures 256 shade values in the red, green, and blue channels, which, when combined, results in more than 16 million possible colours
• A camera with 10-bit colour captures 1,024 shades per channel, for more than a billion possible colours

Question 30

What does each pixel capture on the sensor?

Answer 30

luminance (brightness) & chrominance (colour)