Framing & Frame Rate Flashcards
What is Frame Rate?
is how many frames per second the camera can capture
What is the Shutter Speed x Frame Rate Rule?
shutter speed needs to be 2x the speed of frame rate
Explain 24fps
Used:
Type of Look:
- Cinematic & Artsy Look (soft with motion blur)
- Used: Films/Movies, Wedding Videos
- Quick motions will produce image stuttering (seeing every frame go by in a panning motion)
Explain 30fps
Used:
Type of Look:
- Standard Frame Rate
- Used on: Youtube, TV, Sitcoms, Talk Shows,
- Industrial Videos
- Actioncam feel & more crispy
- Doesn’t add much cinematic storytelling aspect to videos
Explain 60fps
- Life-Like
- Allows you to use 24p footage with the audio or slow it down to slow-motion B-Roll
- Sharp & Crisp Look (like watching the news or soap opera)
- Used: Fast action shots like Sports, GoPro, Sports Cars, etc
Explain Video Exposure Tip
always set the camera to slightly underexposed as it is easier to brighten up footage in post-production
faster frame rate =
higher quality footage
What is a con of faster frame rates?
sacrifices in other areas – such as resolution, bit-depth, or increased chromatic sub-sampling
What is a Motion Picture Frame Rate?
24p
What is TV Frame Rate?
29.97p
What is Camcorder/Reality TV Frame Rate?
60p
Vlogging in 4k vs 1080p
DON’T vlog in 4k as you will lose dual pixel autofocus and there is a crop factor DO vlog in 1080p
What is Bit Depth?
the range of colours your camera can capture
(which can have a dramatic impact not just on achieving lifelike tones but also on colour banding — those hard lines that sometimes appear between subtle shade gradients)
What do higher bit depths do?
Higher bit depths reduce the chance of colour banding
8-Bit Colour vs 10-Bit Colour
- A camera with 8-bit colour captures 256 shade values in the red, green, and blue channels, which, when combined, results in more than 16 million possible colours
- A camera with 10-bit colour captures 1,024 shades per channel, for more than a billion possible colours
What does a pixel do on an image sensor?
Each pixel on an image sensor captures values for both luminance (brightness) and chrominance (colour).
What is Chroma Sub-Sampling?
is a process that sees the chrominance value shared between two or more pixels
What happens when more pixels share a chrominance value?
The more pixels that share a chrominance value, the less colour information is captured, which can result in the colour banding
Explain 4:4:4 Chroma Sub-Sampling?
every pixel is capturing its own luminance and chrominance values
Explain 4:2:2 Chroma Sub-Sampling?
signalling that just two pixels share a chrominance value
( is perfectly acceptable for most professional video work)
What is the Best Chroma Sub-Sampling?
4:4:4 is better than 4:2:2 which is better than 4:2:0
What is Lower Chromatic Subsampling Best Used For?
Less chromatic subsampling is best for VFX shots or projects involving green screens.
What are Log Profiles?
Cameras with a log gamma curve can help you find the ideal dynamic range by capturing more information in shadows and highlights
(This data is a valuable asset in post-production when working to bring out details invisible in the original image, and can be used to create a distinct visual tone — such as simulating a specific type of film stock – during the editing process.)
What are Codecs & Bit Rates?
consist of a combination of hardware and software that shrinks video data for faster transmission and to conserve storage
Explain Higher Bit Rates (Cinema-grade Cameras)
little of the information captured in each frame is lost during the compression process, resulting in very high-quality images
(10-bit 4K (or higher) codec captures enough information to satisfy any broadcaster)
Combining Frame Rates (Do’s)
- Combined 60fps + 30fps + 24fps
- Shoot 60fps Exported as 24fps
- Shoot 24fps Exported as 30fps
Combining Frame Rates (Don’ts)
- Shoot 30fps Exported as 24fps
What is Bit Depth?
the range of colours your camera can capture
which can have a dramatic impact not just on achieving lifelike tones but also on colour banding — those hard lines that sometimes appear between subtle shade gradients
8-bit Colour vs 10-bit Colour
- A camera with 8-bit colour captures 256 shade values in the red, green, and blue channels, which, when combined, results in more than 16 million possible colours
- A camera with 10-bit colour captures 1,024 shades per channel, for more than a billion possible colours
What does each pixel capture on the sensor?
luminance (brightness) & chrominance (colour)
