Frameworks Flashcards

1
Q

Bottom-Up Market Sizing

A
  1. What customer/product segments exists?
  2. How many purchases are there “an hour” by segment?
  3. How much is each purchase?
  4. How many hours/year do they operate? (50 weeks/year or 350 days)
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2
Q

Top-Down Market Sizing

A
  1. How many people/households will purchase?
  2. How much will they purchase?
  3. How often will they purchase?
  4. How much will they spend?
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3
Q

Key Drivers on Revenue - Price

A

Overall Market Demand, Competitors, Customers

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4
Q

Key Drivers on Revenue - Quantity

A

Overall Market Demand, Competitors, Customers, Channels

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5
Q

Key Drivers of Cost - Fixed Cost

A

Fixed Labor, Marketing, Overheads, Interest/Depreciation, Taxes, Other Fixed Costs

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6
Q

Key Drivers of Cost - Variable Costs

A

COGS, Variable Labor, Distribution Costs, Other Variable Costs

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7
Q

Price - Overall Market Demand

A

Is product/service becoming a commodity with multiple providers offering identical options?
Is fundamental demand decreasing for the product? (Typewriters)

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8
Q

Price - Competitors

A

Are they driving price down, offering cheaper products?

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9
Q

Price - Customers

A

How much buying power do they have?

Are they negotiating for lower prices through bulk discounts?

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10
Q

Quantity - Overall Market Demand

A

Is it decreasing/increasing?

If decreasing, then quantities decrease across the whole market (client and competition).

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11
Q

Quantity - Competitors

A

Are they stealing customers (market share)?

Is their product more attractive?

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12
Q

Quantity - Customers

A

Are we meeting their needs?
Have their needs changed, or have they found a substitute that better meets their needs?
Are we missing out on targeting an attractive customer segment?

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13
Q

Quantity - Channels

A

Are we marketing/selling through channels relevant to our key segments?
If our consumer buys on the Internet and we sell retail, we’re inefficient.

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14
Q

Fixed Costs - Fixed Labor

A

Have salaries of management or required staff increased?

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15
Q

Fixed Costs - Marketing

A

Has the client increased spending without seeing related increase in sales?
Is there opportunity to use marketing budget more efficiently?
Are there more appropriate channels? Appropriate level of spending?

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16
Q

Fixed Costs - Overhead

A

Are rent and utilities increasing?

Can we decrease without impacting operations?

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17
Q

Fixed Costs - Interest/Depreciation

A

On mortgages, loans, etc… are rates increasing?

Has client made a major capital investment?

18
Q

Fixed Costs - Taxes

A

Has the client moved to a different tax bracket?
Have they opened a facility in a new location?
Are there opportunities to shift to lower tax options?

19
Q

Fixed Costs - Others

A

Insurance, etc. are costs increasing?

20
Q

Variable Costs - COGS

A

Are costs increasing due to market factors like increasing energy prices?
Can we negotiate with suppliers or switch to lower cost options?

21
Q

Variable Costs - Variable Labor

A

Dependent on how much is produced or serviced?

Have wages increased without a corresponding price increase?

22
Q

Variable Costs - Distribution Costs

A

Are costs increasing, say, because of changes in transportation?

23
Q

Variable Costs - Other

A

Storage, packaging, variable utilities

24
Q

Market Study - Overall Market

A

Is market demand increasing or decreasing?
If so, are some segments growing/shrinking disproportionately?
Have substitutions emerged?

25
Q

Market Study - Competitors

A

Who are they?
Have there been new entrants (locally or from outside area/different verticals)?
What’s our market share (by segment)? Is it changing?
Is the market fragmented?

26
Q

Market Study - Customers

A

What are their needs and are we addressing them?

Are their needs, demographics, or regions shifting (or is one accounting for most of the shift?

27
Q

Market Study - Company

A

Has the capacity of the company changed?
How is the sales force incentivized (or are they?)
What is the manufacturing process?
Does company have a high performance culture?

28
Q

Market Study - Product/Service

A

General: What are the prices of our products?
Have there been any price changes?
Have there been decreases in average spend for a particular segment?
Does our product/service have differentiating factors that are attractive to our customers? Has there been in a shift in quality/merits?

Channels:
Which distribution channels do we use?
How do they compare in pricing/penetration?
Are there opportunities to shift share or introduce new channels?
Is our marketing message, channel, spend effective?

29
Q

M+A - Market Assesment

A

Size of overall market, growth of the market, and competitive landscape

30
Q

M+A - Company Assesment

A

Top Performer, Revenue growth (historical and projected), profits, profit growth (historical and projected), market share (increasing/decreasing)

31
Q

M+A - Post Acquisition Strategy - Revenue

A

Growth, Synergies

32
Q

Post Acquisition Strategy - Revenue - Growth

A

Can you increase prices/spend? Can you increase quantities - frequency, purchase volume, # of customers

33
Q

Post Acquisition Strategy - Revenue - Synergies

A

If you can combine operations with another company, can you piggyback on what one company does well to improve sales of another company?

34
Q

M+A - Post Acquisition Strategy - Costs

A

Reduction, synergies, exit strategy

35
Q

Post Acquisition Strategy - Costs - Reduction

A

Can company decrease costs without adversely affecting operations?
Can it maintain current costs but still grow top line?

36
Q

Post Acquisition Strategy - Costs - Synergies

A

If the client plans to integrate the target into a parent or another holding company, can you decrease operation costs?
Leverage economies of scale?

37
Q

Post Acquisition Strategy - Costs - Exit Strategy

A

After client has increased profits, what do we plan to do?

Sell? IPO? Continue to operate? Spin-off? Expand?

38
Q

M+A - Risks/Benefits

A

Management team, cultural fit, complications, defensive strategy

39
Q

M+A - Risks/Benefits - Management Team

A

May be willing to pay more for a strong team, or better one

40
Q

M+A - Risks/Benefits - Cultural Fit

A

Concern of integrating departments with different structures - 2 sales departments with different compensation structures

41
Q

M+A - Risks/Benefits - Complications

A

Government regulations can hinder the buying process

Competitor growth or aggression would affect buyer’s decision or price point

42
Q

M+A - Risks/Benefits - Defensive Strategy

A

May be willing to pay more to purchase intellectual property to keep it from competitors