Frame, Overview, Statements Flashcards
General rule converting from Cash to Accrual
Add beginning liability balances and subtract ending liab balances: also subtract beginning asset balances and add ending asset balances
A $20 AR decrease implies that cash received on account was $20 ……….. Than accrual sales. Therefore Cash basis income is $20 …….. than accrual.
Greater
A $16 increase in AP leads to a ……. In cash basis income versus accrual because ……
Increase, because it implies that more inventory was purchased and included in accrual cost of goods sold than was paid.
Collection of a note receivable from a related party is what kind of activity in the Cash flow statement
Investing
What are inflows of economic resources only
Revenues…. Purchase discounts are netted against purchases not sales the recovery of accounts written off is not revenue it is an adjustment to the allowance for uncollectable accounts.
A dividend payment is what kind of activity on the cash flow statement?
Financing
Does the income statement contain all items of revenue expense gain and loss?
No this is included in the statement of comprehensive income.
The total amount included in cash or in cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows must be the same title and groups of accounts sed in the statement of financial position T or F
True
Name the 3 GAAP Principals
Recognize- when
Measure - how
Disclosure- additional info
Name the Statements that must comply with GAAP
BS statement of share equity
statement of cash flows
IS
Statement of Comp Income
The first three steps in the FASB standard setting process
1 add to agenda
2 research and issues DM
3 public hearing
The Second three steps in the FASB standard setting process
1 Issue exposure draft
2 modifies exposure draft
3 finalize and issue ASU
Are FASB concepts AICPA issues PAPERS and IFRS authoritative GAAP?
NO
IFRS is accepted by the SEC but not GAAP
Cash before earned is a….. Cash before exp is a…..
Deferred Revenue (liab) Deferred Exp (asset)
Rev before earned is a…. Exp incurred before cash is paid is a……
Accrued Rev (asset) Accrued Exp (liab)
LT Receivables measure in?
PV of future cash flow
Available for sale securities measure in?
Current MV
Equipment measure in?
Historical cost unless liquidation is taking place
Warranty Obligations measure in?
Net realizable value or settlement rate
ST payable measure in?
Historical Cost
A/R measure in?
Net realizable value or settlement rate
Bonds payable due in 10 years measure in?
PV of future cash flow
Trading Securities measure in?
Current MV
What kind of entry is this?
Dep exp
Acc dep
Defferal
What kind of entry is this?
Int Rec
Int Rev
Accrual
What kind of entry is this?
Rent Exp
PPD Rent
Defferal
What kind of entry is this?
Unearned rent
Rent Rev
Defferal
What kind of entry is this?
Wages Exp
Wages Payable
Accrual
Statement of Comp Inc reports what?
Non owner changes to equity over a pd of time.
Fasb Codification official name?
ASC accounting standards code
Are ASU’s GAAP?
Not GAAP but how updates to GAAP are communicated.
How is the codification organized?
Areas-topics-subtopics-sections-subsections-paragraphs
Sections are standardized.
What happens to accrual vs cash sales when A/R decreases
Accrual sales declines
How to calculate the amount of insurance left in PPD?
Expense for the year-Beginning+Left in PPD
Which accounting characteristic of information allows users of financial statements to generate predictions?
Relevance because this term captures predictive value.
What cost basis is used for Equipment when a firm is in liquidation?
Net Realizable value. only the amount that will be recovered because going concern no longer applies which is why Historical cost was in place before liquidation.
According to the conceptual framework the usefulness of providing information in financial statements is subject to the constraint of?
Cost- Benefit. When the cost of the information exceeds the benefit it should not be reported even if useful!
When a parent and subsidiary relationship exists consolidated financial statements are prepared in recognition of what accounting concept?
Economic Entity.
consolidated fin statements are trying to account for the economic entity that comprises more than one legal entity.
Conceptual Framework
Guides the standard setting process based on the over riding decision of financial reporting. Decision making. Has two primary and four enhancing characteristics.
What are the Primary Characteristics of the Conceptual Framework?
Faithful Representation and Relevance.
What are the components of the primary characteristic to Conceptual framework of Faithful Representation?
- Free from error
- Complete
- Neutral
What are the components of the primary characteristic to Conceptual framework of Relevance?
- Predictive Value
- Material
- Confirmatory Value
What are the enhancing characteristics of the conceptual framework?
- Comparable
- Verifiable
- Timely
- Understandable
What are the 4 accounting assumptions?
- entity- separate and distinct
- going concern- indefinite life
- unit of measure- measured in a stable monetary unit no inflation
- Time period- life broken to frames such as yr qtr month
What are the 4 accounting principles?
- Rev Recognition- wen realized earned and recorded.
- Exp Recognition- matching principal must be in time pd with rev generated.
- measurement- value that we record normally cash equivalent
- Full disclosure- foot notes
Measurement Info: Land PP&E AR Inventory Bonds Investments
Historical Cost Amortized Cost Net realizable value replacement cost net present value fair value
What are the two ways to use Cash Flow for Present Value?
- Discounted Cash Flow: CF value using the risk adj rate
2. Expected Cash Flow: Probability weighted CF discounted using a risk free rate.
How do you calculate estimated FV?
summation of diff is $ times probability times rate equals $ then add if more than one and that is the FV.
Current Asset
12 months or operating cycle whichever is LONGER
NCA=
NCL=
Intangibles
bond, pension
Retained Earnings=
NI-Dividends
Income Statement Order
Revenues, Expenses, G&L
Net Income=
Sales-COGS=GP-op exp-G&l- interest=Income from contin ops b4 tax - inc tax= income after tax -discontinued-extraordinary=NI
Statement of Comprehensive income=
NI+other comp inc
EX: unrealized gl for AFS securtities pensions currency trans and derivative transactions
Operating Activity Examples
Sale of trading sec, dividend income, cash from customer, interest income, pay suppliers, purchase trading securities, interest exp, other op exp, payroll, inc taxes, lawsuits
Investing Activity Examples
Sales PPE just cash, Sale debt and equity sec, collect loan principal, purchase PPE just cash part, purchase debt and equity sec, maturity and AFS, Sale of patent, lending, purchase patent, loans to other
Financing Activity Examples
Sale of Own stock, proceeds from borrowing(bond, notes, etc), repurchase own stock (treasury stock), paying back lenders only principal, payment of dividends
Cash Flows presentation options
Direct- presents by classes and uses shows rec and paid
indirect- presents by adjusting accrual NI to op cash flow
Indirect Cash flow method conversion Equation for NI and Sales
#Cash=#L+#E-#other assets You must add back any Non Cash exp:dep,loss,amort and subtract any non cash gains Based off of Change in assets = change in liabilities plus change in owners equity
Indirect Cash flow method conversion Equation for expenses and Sales/ NI
Exp= - increase in liab + increase in assets
Sales & NI= + increase in liab - increase in assets
Increase in A/P implies what related to COGS
That more COGS taken from sales on accrual basis leading to higher cash sales when compared
Who decides reporting ways
Parents even if the sub differs the parent can report how they chose for their purposes
Large accelerated filer for form 10 Q
Large Accelerated= 700 mill or more
They have 40 days
Ratio Purpose: Liquidity / solvency
ability to meet maturing obligations
Ratio Purpose: Operational
Efficiency of operations
Ratio Purpose: Profitability
operational results
Ratio Purpose: Equity
sources of equity
ROA
NI / Avg total asset
Profit Margin
NI / Sales
Total Asset TO
Sales / Avg total asset
Short term liquidity ratios
CR, WCR, QR
Long term solvency
Debt to equity, interest coverage
ROE
NI / Ave share equity
this considers how is financed
Leverage
Avg total asset / avg share equity
Profit Margin
NI / Sales
Asset Turnover
Sales / total average assets
WC
CA - CL
If positive CR will be greater than 1
If negative CR will be less than 1
CR
CA / CL
Acid/quick Ratio
cash + AR + mark sec / CL
Times Interest Earned
NI + int exp + tax exp / Int exp
AR Turnover
Net credit sales (or use) / Avg AR (must be net AR)
days in Receivable
365 / AR Turnover
Inventory Turnover
COGS / Avg Inv
days in Inventory
365 / Inv turnover
Changes in CA and CL to Ratios
increase CA only = higher wc
increase CL only = lower wc
if wc greater than 1 = increases in ca and liab decrease wcr decreases increase wcr
if less than 1= increase then increase and decrease then decrease
EPS (profitability ratio)
NI - Pref div / weighted avg common shares out (common stock plus RE avg) Past info
Price Earned Ratio
Stock price per share / EPS
Future info
Dividend payout ratio
DPS / EPS
CGS
BI + purchases - end inv
Debt to equity leverage
L/E is L times E
E/A is financed by
L/A is financed by
What statements are included in personal fin statements
BS (stmt fin pos)
Statement of changes in NW (NW= CA-CL)
(BNW +- #in A+-# in L= ENW)
Measure items at current value and use accrual basis
Value of life insurance
Value of Securities
Cash value - loans against ins
Market quote current
Inc Tax provision equation
Tax rate X(CV of A- CV of L- CV tax basis)
How are liab valued on personal fin stmts
lower of settlement value or liab
Private Company Council (PPC)
Little GAAP anything not public Subsidiary is always public if parent public Goodwill amort over 10 yrs Hedge only swap diffs intang not requ to disclose
Liquidation of Liab
Recorded in compliance with GAAP do NOT assume these will leave
IASB Structure
Monitoring board- oversees all org involved in setting IAS formal link btw IFRS and public.
IFRS Foundation- contains trustees on 3 yr term most important appoints members of the council trustees provide oversight
IFRS Interp comm- aids in interp and sees issues appointed by IASB
IFRS Adv Council- Appointed by IFRS reps diff countries and committees
IASB Goal
Develop single set of standards globally accepted and promote acceptance.
IASB Info
Standard setting body no enforcement power replaced the IASC in 2001
ASAF
All over the world simply helps with input on standards
Hierarchy of International
Mont board (accountibility)-found trustees (governce and oversight) -foundation -IASB (standard setting) -interp commitee
Hierarchy in using IAS
- IFRS
- Definition, criteria, look to frame
- other countries standards
SME’s are
Small and medium sized entities that are not publicly traded can use for 3 years
IFRS Standard Setting Process
Research - discuss paper - proposal - Exposure Draft - Publish IFRS - impl review
Primary and Secondary Characteristics under GAAP and IFRS
Faithful Rep- Complete, neutral, free from error
Relevance- predictive value comfirmatory value material
Enhancing Characteristics GAAP
Comparable Verifiable Timely understandable
IFRS Assumptions
Going concern
Accrual
IFRS General Purpose Fin Statements
Bs, Is, Stmt comp inc, stmt cas flow
Diff between Fin statements
IFRS requires comp periods only 1 GAAP doesnt but SEC does so both have.
Change in equity IFRS must be in separate Stmt not footnote
Extraordinary not allowed
DPS is a required disclosure
IFRS permits reval of PPE through OCI must go through OCI not NI and per share measures on comp inc is not prohibited.
Stmt of Cash Flows under IFRS:
Interest Paid
Operating or Financing
Stmt of Cash Flows under IFRS:
Interest Received
operating or investing
Stmt of Cash Flows under IFRS:
Tax Paid
operating or inv or fin ( if with specific item)
Stmt of Cash Flows under IFRS:
Dividend Received
operating or investing
Stmt of Cash Flows under IFRS:
Dividend Paid
Operating or Financing
Stmt of Cash Flows under IFRS:
Cash and Equivalents
May include bank overdraft GAAP doesnt allow that unless netting allowed.
What accounting methods can be used for Income Tax Basis
Modified Cash
Accrual
On personal Fin Stmt how should est inc taxes in excess of cv of assets be reports in stmt fin condition
between liab and NW
IASB Parent to ?
IFRS Foundation
Does the IASB have enforcement power?
NO
In IASB framework Income is defined as
increases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases in liab that lead to increases in equity other than those relating to contributions of equity.
Defensive interval is a measurement of?
how long available cash and highly liquid assets can support normal cash requirements.
= Quick assets / daily oper expenses
Converting Cash to Accrual Equation
= - BA + EA + BL - EL
Change in estimate is treated?
Prospectively
Accounting Error Requires
A prior pd adjustment
A change in reporting entity requires
all prior periods to be restated
Unacceptable Acct Principle
Error