Fragile Systems I Flashcards
What is a disaster?
An event causing either physical damage, injury/loss of life, and/or a drastic change to the environment.
Would an event that only caused infrastructure damage count as a disaster?
Yes - it caused physical damage.
Where is iron most abundant in the Earth?
Core.
Which elements are the second and third most common elements in the earth core: Nickel, Magnesium, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Copper, and Aluminium?
Nickel (2nd most) and Oxygen (3rd most)
Iron is the most abundant element
Which elements are not the 3 most abundant in the Earth’s crust: Oxygen, Nickel, Aluminium, Silicon, Titanium and Lead?
Lead, Titanium and Nickel are not the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust.
Order these elements from most to least abundant in the earth’s crust: Oxygen, Aluminium, Silicon.
Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminium
The ocean has low amounts of chlorine. True or False?
False.
What are the 3 most abundant elements in the ocean in order (most to least)?
Oxygen, Hydrogen, Chlorine
What are the 3 most abundant elements in the atmosphere in order (most to least)?
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon
Which element is not present in the atmosphere in high amounts and which are: Xenon, Helium, Neon.
None of them are present in high amounts in the atmosphere.
What is pico?
trillionth (10^-12)
Is micro larger or nano?
Micro. Micro is 10^-6 and nano is 10^-9.
How much bigger is giga than mega?
Giga is 10^9. Mega is 10^6. Giga is 10^3 times bigger.
Is tera larger than giga?
Yes. Tera is 10^12 and giga is 10^9.
How much is centi?
10^-2
How many meters is 3 x 10^-2 Mm?
30 000m
What is density and its formula and units?
How much matter is in a space. Mass/volume, kg/m^3.
How is the earth stratified and how is this related to density?
atmosphere, ocean, crust, mantle, outer core, inner core. The densest (inner core) is at the center and the least dense (the atmosphere) rests at the top.
Would the earth be layered if everything was the same density?
No.
Disasters have nothing to do with stratification of the earth. True or False. If false, explain.
False. Each disaster occurs within one or more layer, and so has to do with the stratification of the earth.
What is compressibility?
able to be squeezed or expanded so that the mass fills less or more space.
Density and compressibility are two separate physical concepts. True or False and explain.
False. Compression –> change in volume –> in a change in density.
Is gas a fluid?
Yes.
Solids are not fluid and compressible. True or False.
False. Solids are not fluid and are not compressible.