Fractures (open, closed, fat embolus), Dislocations, Inflammatory Conditions (costochondritis)

Question 1

inflammation of the costal cartilages or their sternal articulation

chest pain that is sharp and pleuritic, unilateral/peristernal, reproducible (point tenderness), exacerbated by movement

r/o cardiac cause, analgesia

avoid exertional activities that exacerbate pain, encourage deep breathing to reduce respiratory complications

Answer 1

costochondritis

Question 2

a partial disruption of the joint to which some degree of contact between the articular surfaces remains

Answer 2

subluxation

Question 3

complete disruption of the joint so that the surfaces are no longer in contact w one another (extreme form of subluxation)

Answer 3

dislocation

Question 4

motor - extend wrist or thumb

sensory - feeling on dorsal of thumb

Answer 4

radial nerve

Question 5

motor - abduct (fan) fingers

sensory - feeling on tip of small fingers

Answer 5

ulnar nerve

Question 6

motor - oppose thumb to base of small finger

sensory - feeling on tip of index finger

Answer 6

median nerve

Question 7

motor - extend the knee against resistance or flex the hip against resistance

sensory - sensation to the anterior surface of the thigh and medial lower leg from the knee to the ankle

Answer 7

femoral nerve

Question 8

motor - plantar flex toes (curl down)

sensory - felling to bottom of foot

Answer 8

tibial nerve

Question 9

motor - dorsiflex toes (curl toes up)

sensory - feeling in first toe of web space

Answer 9

peroneal nerve

Question 10

large neurovascular structures lie next to these joints and are often disrupted

Answer 10

knee/elbow subluxation/dislocation

Question 11

may require lower leg amputation if popliteal artery is occluded for any length of time

Answer 11

knee dislocation

Question 12

reduction should occur in 6 hours or less to reduce the incidence of avascular necrosis (may occur in any joint but the femoral head is most vulnerable)

Answer 12

hip subluxation/dislocation

Question 13

leg will be bent with ___ displaced

straightening of the leg and application of a knee brace is generally all that is required

Answer 13

patella subluxation/dislocation

Question 14

thoracic trauma and/or trauma to the great vessels, brachial plexus injuries

Answer 14

clavicular or scapular fractures, shoulder dislocation or fracture

Question 15

radial nerve impingement, brachial artery injury

Answer 15

fracture of humerus

Question 16

brachial artery injury, median, radial or ulnar nerve damage

Answer 16

fracture/dislocation of elbow

Question 17

median nerve impingement

Answer 17

distal radius / wrist injuries

Question 18

lower GU injuries (bladder, urethra), rectal trauma, vaginal trauma, sciatic or femoral nerve injury

Answer 18

pelvic fractures

Question 19

popliteal artery injury, injury to the peroneal or tibial nerves

Answer 19

knee dislocation/fracture

Question 20

high incidence of open fracture

Answer 20

tibia/fibula fractures

Question 21

peroneal nerve damage (tibial nerve less likely to be impacted)

Answer 21

ankle dislocation/fracture

Question 22

colles fracture, scaphoid fracture, shoulder or elbow dislocation, radius/ulnar fractures

Answer 22

falling on outstretched hand (FOOSH)

Question 23

calcaneus fractures (intensely painful), pelvic/acetabular fractures, tibial plateau fractures, lumbar compression fractures

Answer 23

falling from a height onto feet (lover’s fx or Don Juan syndrome)

Question 24

patella fractures, femur fractures, hip fractures/dislocations

Answer 24

frontal motor vehicle collision