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DI2 Exam 2 Extremity Trauma > Fractures > Flashcards

Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

A Type I Salter-Harris fracture involves a fracture where?

A

Physis

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2
Q

A Type II Salter-Harris fracture involves a fracture where?

A

Physis and metaphysis

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3
Q

A Type III Salter-Harris fracture involves a fracture where?

A

Physis and epiphysis

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4
Q

A Type IV Salter-Harris fracture involves a fracture where?

A

Physis, metaphysis and epiphysis

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5
Q

How is a Type I S-H fracture different from a Type V?

A

Type I: Complete shear of the physis

Type V: Compression fx of the physis

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6
Q

Which Salter-Harris fracture is the most common?

A

Type II

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7
Q

What is the gender bias in regards to the rate of fractures?

A

Males: MC in 2nd/3rd decades, decrease @ 45 years, then increase after 65 years
Females: MC up to 20 years, decrease @ 45 years, then steadily increases from there

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8
Q

At which ages and locations are FOOSH injuries most likely to occur?

A 
< 5 years: Supracondylar fx
5-10 years: Transverse radial metaphysis
10-16 years: Epiphyseal separation and radius
16-35 years: Scaphoid fx (other carpals)
> 40 years: Ulna or Colles fx
>70 years: Neck of humerus
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9
Q

What is the most common fracture site in the elderly?

A

Thoracolumbar spine

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10
Q

What are the rates of fracture repair in infants, adolescents and adults?

A

Infants: 4-6 weeks
Adolescents: 6-8 weeks
Adults: 10-12 weeks

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11
Q

What portion of the clavicle is most likely fractured?

A

Middle third

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12
Q

Describe the Neer Classification for humeral fractures.

A 
Type I: 1 segment fx
Type II: 2 segment fx of anatomical neck
Type III: 2 segment fx of surgical neck
Type IV: Fx of greater tuberosity
Type V: Fx of lesser tuberosity
Type VI: Multipart fx
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13
Q

Which bone is usually only fractured in severe, direct trauma, as in an MVA?

A

Scapula

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14
Q

What is the most common injury to the elbow in children?

A

Supracondylar fx

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15
Q

What is the most common injury to the elbow in adults?

A

Radial head or neck fx

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16
Q

What type of fracture is most common in kids?

A

Greenstick

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17
Q

Which type of radial head fx is the most common, and how does it occur?

A

Type I: Vertical fx w/o displacement

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18
Q

What is Monteggia’s fracture?

A

A fx of the proximal 1/3 of the ulna w/ dislocation of the head of the radius

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19
Q

By which mechanism does a Monteggia’s fracture occur?

A

FOOSH w/ hyper-pronation of the forearm

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20
Q

What is Galeazzi’s fracture?

A

A fx of the radius w/ dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint

21
Q

What is the most common forearm fracture in a child, and at what years is it most common?

A

Torus fx; 6-10 years of age

22
Q

What is Colles fracture, and to what population does it most commonly occur?

A

A fx of the radius about an inch above the carpals w/ posterior displace of the distal fragment; Elderly

23
Q

Patients with a Colles fracture will often have what associated with it?

A

Ulnar styloid fx

24
Q

What is Smith’s fracture?

A

Fx of the radius w/ volar (anterior) angulation of the distal fragment

25
Q

What is Barton’s fracture?

A

Fx of the anterior or posterior rim of the radius w/ accompanying carpal dislocation

26
Q

A fracture of the radial styloid process is referred to as?

A

Hutchinson’s/Chauffer’s fx

27
Q

What is the most commonly fractured carpal?

A

Scaphoid

28
Q

What is the second-most commonly fractured carpal?

A

Triquetrum

29
Q

What is the third-most commonly fractured carpal?

A

Hamate

30
Q

A fracture of the neck of the metacarpals is called?

A

Boxer’s/Bar room fx

31
Q

What is Baseball or Mallet Finger?

A

An avulsion of the extensor tendon on the dorsal surface of the base of the distal phalanx

32
Q

The most common location of a fracture in the first metacarpal occurs where?

A

Proximal portion

33
Q

The most common injury to the first metacarpal is an oblique fracture of the base of the first metacarpal associated with dorsal subluxation. What is it called?

A

Bennett’s fx

34
Q

What is the most common location of a hip fracture?

A

Subcapital

35
Q

What type of fracture is most commonly associated with hip trauma?

A

Insufficiency

36
Q

A stress fracture will produce what type of radiographic evidence?

A

Initially absent, usually appears in 7-10 days

37
Q

What radiographic finding in the femur is usually indicative of child abuse?

A

Metaphyseal corner fractures

38
Q

What type of injury most likely occurs as a result of a fall off of a bicycle?

A

Avulsion of the anterior tibial spine

39
Q

What is the most common type of fracture of the patella?

A

Transverse

40
Q

A type of avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial condyle of the knee that occurs in association with a tear in the ACL is called?

A

Segond fx

41
Q

A spiral fracture of the proximal 1/3 of the fibula with an associated fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deep deltoid ligament is called?

A

Maisonneuve fx

42
Q

What is the most common combination of injury that occurs in Neer’s ring analogy?

A

Bimalleolar fx

43
Q

Which tarsal bone is most commonly fractured?

A

Calcaneus

44
Q

Which Roentgenometric is used to determine if the calcaneus is fractured? At what measurement is the bone fractured?

A

Boehler’s angle; Angle should not be less than 28 degrees

45
Q

What is the second-most commonly fractured tarsal?

A

Talus

46
Q

A transverse fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal is called?

A

Jones/Dancer’s fx

47
Q

By which mechanism does a Jones fracture most commonly occur?

A

Plantar flexion and inversion

48
Q

Stress fractures of the feet most commonly involve which metatarsal shafts?

A

2nd and 3rd

DI2 Exam 2 Extremity Trauma (3 decks)

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