Fractures Flashcards
A Type I Salter-Harris fracture involves a fracture where?
Physis
A Type II Salter-Harris fracture involves a fracture where?
Physis and metaphysis
A Type III Salter-Harris fracture involves a fracture where?
Physis and epiphysis
A Type IV Salter-Harris fracture involves a fracture where?
Physis, metaphysis and epiphysis
How is a Type I S-H fracture different from a Type V?
Type I: Complete shear of the physis
Type V: Compression fx of the physis
Which Salter-Harris fracture is the most common?
Type II
What is the gender bias in regards to the rate of fractures?
Males: MC in 2nd/3rd decades, decrease @ 45 years, then increase after 65 years
Females: MC up to 20 years, decrease @ 45 years, then steadily increases from there
At which ages and locations are FOOSH injuries most likely to occur?
< 5 years: Supracondylar fx 5-10 years: Transverse radial metaphysis 10-16 years: Epiphyseal separation and radius 16-35 years: Scaphoid fx (other carpals) > 40 years: Ulna or Colles fx >70 years: Neck of humerus
What is the most common fracture site in the elderly?
Thoracolumbar spine
What are the rates of fracture repair in infants, adolescents and adults?
Infants: 4-6 weeks
Adolescents: 6-8 weeks
Adults: 10-12 weeks
What portion of the clavicle is most likely fractured?
Middle third
Describe the Neer Classification for humeral fractures.
Type I: 1 segment fx Type II: 2 segment fx of anatomical neck Type III: 2 segment fx of surgical neck Type IV: Fx of greater tuberosity Type V: Fx of lesser tuberosity Type VI: Multipart fx
Which bone is usually only fractured in severe, direct trauma, as in an MVA?
Scapula
What is the most common injury to the elbow in children?
Supracondylar fx
What is the most common injury to the elbow in adults?
Radial head or neck fx
What type of fracture is most common in kids?
Greenstick
Which type of radial head fx is the most common, and how does it occur?
Type I: Vertical fx w/o displacement
What is Monteggia’s fracture?
A fx of the proximal 1/3 of the ulna w/ dislocation of the head of the radius
By which mechanism does a Monteggia’s fracture occur?
FOOSH w/ hyper-pronation of the forearm
What is Galeazzi’s fracture?
A fx of the radius w/ dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint
What is the most common forearm fracture in a child, and at what years is it most common?
Torus fx; 6-10 years of age
What is Colles fracture, and to what population does it most commonly occur?
A fx of the radius about an inch above the carpals w/ posterior displace of the distal fragment; Elderly
Patients with a Colles fracture will often have what associated with it?
Ulnar styloid fx
What is Smith’s fracture?
Fx of the radius w/ volar (anterior) angulation of the distal fragment
What is Barton’s fracture?
Fx of the anterior or posterior rim of the radius w/ accompanying carpal dislocation
A fracture of the radial styloid process is referred to as?
Hutchinson’s/Chauffer’s fx
What is the most commonly fractured carpal?
Scaphoid
What is the second-most commonly fractured carpal?
Triquetrum
What is the third-most commonly fractured carpal?
Hamate
A fracture of the neck of the metacarpals is called?
Boxer’s/Bar room fx
What is Baseball or Mallet Finger?
An avulsion of the extensor tendon on the dorsal surface of the base of the distal phalanx
The most common location of a fracture in the first metacarpal occurs where?
Proximal portion
The most common injury to the first metacarpal is an oblique fracture of the base of the first metacarpal associated with dorsal subluxation. What is it called?
Bennett’s fx
What is the most common location of a hip fracture?
Subcapital
What type of fracture is most commonly associated with hip trauma?
Insufficiency
A stress fracture will produce what type of radiographic evidence?
Initially absent, usually appears in 7-10 days
What radiographic finding in the femur is usually indicative of child abuse?
Metaphyseal corner fractures
What type of injury most likely occurs as a result of a fall off of a bicycle?
Avulsion of the anterior tibial spine
What is the most common type of fracture of the patella?
Transverse
A type of avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial condyle of the knee that occurs in association with a tear in the ACL is called?
Segond fx
A spiral fracture of the proximal 1/3 of the fibula with an associated fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deep deltoid ligament is called?
Maisonneuve fx
What is the most common combination of injury that occurs in Neer’s ring analogy?
Bimalleolar fx
Which tarsal bone is most commonly fractured?
Calcaneus
Which Roentgenometric is used to determine if the calcaneus is fractured? At what measurement is the bone fractured?
Boehler’s angle; Angle should not be less than 28 degrees
What is the second-most commonly fractured tarsal?
Talus
A transverse fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal is called?
Jones/Dancer’s fx
By which mechanism does a Jones fracture most commonly occur?
Plantar flexion and inversion
Stress fractures of the feet most commonly involve which metatarsal shafts?
2nd and 3rd
