fractures Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 3 basic classes of fracture
A
- simple (closed)
- compound (open)
- pathological
2
Q
7 types of fractures
A
- traverse
- linear
- oblique non-displaced
- oblique displaced
- spiral
- greenstick
- comminuted
3
Q
what is greenstick fracture
A
- one side of the bone is fractures
- most common in paeds
4
Q
what is comminuted fracture
A
bone breaks in multiple places
5
Q
intra-articular fracture
A
- involving the joint surface
- within the joint
- can lead to early osteoarthritis
6
Q
avulsion fracture
A
bone fragment pulled away at ligamentous attachment
7
Q
growth plate fracture
A
involves physeal growth plate
8
Q
salter-harris fracture
A
- involves physis
- slipped I
- above II
- lower III
- through IV
- E
- rammed V
9
Q
3 treatments of fractures
A
- reduction
- immobilisation
- rehabilitation
10
Q
reduction examples
A
- closed manipulation
- open reduction
- mechanical traction
11
Q
immobilisation examples
A
- plaster of paris/ fibre glass
- splints
- screws, plates, pins, rods
12
Q
4 stages of healing a fracture
A
- haematoma formation
- fibrocartilaginous tissue formation
- callus formation
- bone remodelling
13
Q
describe haematoma formation
A
- blood clot formed between bone ends after 6-8 hours after injury
- near bone cells die because of poor blood circulation
- swelling and inflammation
- phagocytes and osteoclasts remove dead/ damaged tissue
14
Q
describe fibrocartilaginous tissue formation
A
- formed on fracture site surfaces and grows together
- absorbed haematoma
- occurs within 24 hours
15
Q
describe callus formation
A
- after 7 days osteogenic cells develop into osteoblasts to produce spongy bone trabeculae
- joins living and dead fragments of bone
-fibrocartilaginous tissue converted to spongy bone - bony callus formed
