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Fractures > Fractures > Flashcards

Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Closed or simple

A

Skin remains intact

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2
Q

Complete

A

Complete separation into two parts

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3
Q

Compression

A

Bone is compressed by other bone

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4
Q

Incomplete

A

Fracture line does not go through the whole bone

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5
Q

open or compound

A

Exposed to air through a break in the skin
Soft tissue injury or infection

Splint extremity and cover with a sterile dressing

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6
Q

Transverse

A

Fractured straight across

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7
Q

Reduction

A

Bone is restored to proper alignment

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8
Q

Internal fixation

A 
Immediate bone stabilization
Holds the bone in alignment
After an open reduction
Infection risk
Permits early mobility
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9
Q

External fixation

A

Skeletal pins are attached to an external support
More freedom of motion
After massive tissue trauma
Infection risk

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10
Q

Traction

A

pulling force applied in two directions
reduces and immobilizes a fracture
proper bone alignment and reduction of muscle spasms
Cannot remove or lift weights without a PCP’s prescription
Place knots to prevent slipping

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11
Q

Skeletal traction

A

Pins, wires, tongs
25 to 40 lb
Monitor color, motion, sensation

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12
Q

Skin traction

A

Elastic bandages, adhesive, foam boot or sling

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13
Q

Cervical skin traction

A

Relief of muscle spasms and compression in upper extremities or neck
Use powder
30 to 40 degrees

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14
Q

Buck’s

A

For muscle spasms and lower limb immobilization
Straight pull on limb
No more than 8 to 10 lbs of weight
Elevate HOB

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15
Q

Pelvic skin traction

A

Low back, hip, or leg pain.
Reduce muscle spasm.
Keep client from slipping down in bed.
Put belt over pelvis and iliac crest.

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16
Q

Balanced suspension traction

A

Used with skeletal or skin traction
Femur, tibia, fibula
Low-Fowler’s on either side or back
20-degree angle from thigh to bed

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17
Q

Clean pin sites with…

A

sterile normal saline and hydrogen peroxide or povidone-iodine

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18
Q

Keep casts…

A

elevated.

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19
Q

Handle with…

A

palms of the hands until dry.

20
Q

Turn casts…

A

every 1 to 2 hours.

21
Q

Do not (for a cast)…

A

stick objects inside it.

22
Q

Notify the PHCP immediately if…

A

there are signs of pulmonary or fat embolism.

23
Q

Compartment syndrome…

A

when pressure increases within one or more compartments.

24
Q

Problems of compartment syndrome…

A

decreased blood flow, tissue ischemia, and neurovascular impairment.

25
Q

Symptoms of compartment syndrome…

A

Numbness and tingling is one of the first signs.
Unrelieved or increased pain in the limb unrelieved by drugs.
Pale, dusky, or edematous skin.
Pain with passive movement.
Loss of sensation.
Pulselessness.

26
Q

First intervention in compartment syndrome…

A

Notify the PHCP.
Elevate the extremity.
May need to do a fasciotomy (wound remains open).

27
Q

Osteomyelitis symptoms…

A

tachycardia
fever above 101
leukocytosis and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Confirmed with plain radiographs, MRI, bone scan.

28
Q

Avascular necrosis…

A

bone death.
Pain, decreased sensation.
Confirmed with plain radiographs, MRI, bone scans.

Complication of hip fractures.

Watch for pain/numbness and notify the PCP.
Remove necrotic tissue.

29
Q

FES earliest symptoms.

A

hypoxemia, dyspnea, tachypnea. Altered mental status is earliest sign.

Occurs within 48 hours.

Increased ESR.
Decreased serum calcium.
Decreased RBCs and platelets.
Increased serum level of lipids.
Tachycardia, crackles, increased temp.

Give oxygen, hydration, immobilization, and maybe steroid therapy.

30
Q

Patients on long term corticosteroid therapy…

A

high risk for ischemic necrosis.

31
Q

Delayed union…

A

fracture that hasn’t healed in six months.

32
Q

CRPS…

A

from fractures or other musculoskeletal injury. often in the feet or hands.

Motor symptoms such as paresis, muscle spasms, loss of function.
Intense burning unrelenting pain.

33
Q

Assess adults of all ages for…

A

opioid use for persistent pain before the fracture.

34
Q

Assess all major body systems first for…

A

life-threatening complications.

35
Q

For pelvic fractures assess…

A

vital signs, skin color, and LOC just in case of hypovolemic shock.

36
Q

Pts with fractured hip…

A

may have groin pain or pain referred to back of knee or lower back from muscle spasm or edema.

37
Q

Take care of…

A

pain FIRST.

38
Q

Give IV Ketorolac in the PACU…

A

to reduce inflammation and pain.

39
Q

Assess pin sites every how many hours?

A

8 to 12

40
Q

Clear fluid drainage from pin sites is expected

A

within the first 48 to 72 hours.

41
Q

Place cane on…

A

unaffected side.

42
Q

Primary nursing assessment…

A

assessment and prevention of neurovascular dysfunction or compromise.

43
Q

Assess neurovascular status…

A

every hour for the first 24 and every 1-4 hours after.

44
Q

Elevate higher than the

A

heart.

45
Q

Apply ice for how long?

A

first 24 to 48 hours

Fractures (1 decks)

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