Fracture Flashcards
traumatic fracture
sudden impact (assault, abuse, traumatic falls, or MVA)
stress or fatigue fracture
partial break or complete break caused by the bone’s inability to withstand stress applied in a rhythmic, repeated, micro-traumatic fashion
compressive stress fracture
occur because of forceful heal strike during prolonged marching or running
distractive stress reactions
occur because of muscle pull and can become more serious if displacement occurs
insufficiency fracture
occurs if normal stress is applied to abnormal bone (result from a stress or force acting on bone that has deficient elastic resistance or has been weakened by decreased mineralization)
pathologic fracture
occurs in bone rendered abnormally fragile by neoplastic or other disease conditions
transverse
the fracture is at a right angle to the long axis of the bone; usually produced by shearing force
oblique or spiral
occur following a twisting or torsional force fragments displace easily in oblique fracture, whereas nonunion rarely occurs in a spiral fracture because of the wide area of surface contact
comminuted
the bone is broken into more than two fragments and segmental if a fragment of the free bone is present between the main fragments
butterfly
the separation of a wedge-shaped piece of bone
list the three incomplete fractures
greenstick fracture
torus fracture
crack or hairline fracture
unstable fracture
displaced, open fractures
epiphyseal fracture
occurs in growth centers of children and adolescents, located in the long bones
vertebral compression fracture
one of the most common osteoporosis related fragility fractures
