Fracture

Question 1

ID card Of fracture?

Answer 1

• Fractured bone and side
• Number of fractures locations (multifocal fracture)
• Fracture site
• Fracture type
• Dispalcement
• Bone quality (Underlyingbonelesion?)

Question 2

Fracture site?

Answer 2

• Epiphysis
• Metaphysis
• Diaphysis

Question 3

The rule of square?

Answer 3

if the width of the square (formed by drawing lines perpendicular to the fracture line) is less than the diameter of the bone, the fracture is considered stable. If it is greater, the fracture is considered unstable

Question 4

What the fracture types based on the pattern in the Diaphysis?

Answer 4

• Greenstick: cracks on one side without breaking completely
• Transvers: The fracture line is perpendicular to the bone’s long axis.
• Comminuted: broken into three or more pieces.
• Spiral: twisting force.
• Compound: oblique open

Question 5

Wat are the fracture type based on nature in the Epiphysis and spongious Bone?

Answer 5

• Split
• compression
• Association

Question 6

how to classify the displacement?

Answer 6

• Distal Fragment compared to
  proximal

Question 7

What are the displacement types?

Answer 7

• Translation: the sideways movement of bone fragments relative to each other. The fragments are displaced but remain parallel to their original positions.
• Overriding: one fragments overlap each other, shortening the overall length of the bone.
• Angulation: the angle formed between bone fragments
• Rotation or Shift

Question 8

The volar tilt?

Answer 8

the angle between the distal radius articular surface and the shaft in the sagittal plane. around 11 degree

Question 9

The cervico-diaphyseal angle?

Answer 9

the angle between the femoral neck and the shaft of the femur. 120-125

Question 10

Trochanteric Hip Fracture: Coxa Vara

Answer 10

he cervico-diaphyseal angle is reduced to less than 120°

Question 11

The classifications of injuries?

Answer 11

• Gustilo-Anderson classification
• Cauchoix and Duparc Classification

Question 12

Cauchoix and Duparc Classification?

Answer 12

• Type 1: Punctate or small linear wound, without peeling or bruising, can be sutured without tension
• Type 2: Contused wound edges, or detachedor bruised skin. some risk of secondary necrosis
• Type 3: Significant skin loss. Unable to suture without a tension. high risk of secondary necrosis

Question 13

Immediate complications?

Answer 13

• Compartement syndrome: pulse present
• Fat embolism
• Hemmorrhaic shock
• Deep vein thrombosis: Homans sign: Dorsiflexion of the foot < pain behind the knee

Question 14

Secondary complications?

Answer 14

• Volkmann ischemic contracture: damage of forearm muscles