Fractional Distillation Flashcards
What is fractional distillation?
A separation process that divides a mixture into its component parts based on differences in boiling points.
True or False: Crude oil is a homogeneous mixture.
False
What is the main purpose of fractional distillation of crude oil?
To separate crude oil into useful fractions.
Fill in the blank: The process of fractional distillation takes place in a __________.
fractionating column
Name one product obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil.
Petrol (gasoline)
What property of the fractions allows them to be separated during fractional distillation?
Boiling points
Which fraction of crude oil has the lowest boiling point?
Gases (e.g., methane, propane)
What happens to the temperature as you move up the fractionating column?
The temperature decreases.
True or False: Larger hydrocarbons have higher boiling points than smaller hydrocarbons.
True
What are hydrocarbons?
Compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms.
What is the order of fractions from highest to lowest boiling point?
Bitumen, diesel, kerosene, petrol, gases.
What is naphtha used for?
As a feedstock for petrochemicals and in gasoline.
Fill in the blank: The fractionating column is designed to provide a large __________ area.
surface
What is the significance of the temperature gradient in the fractionating column?
It allows for the separation of components based on their boiling points.
True or False: The process of fractional distillation is a physical change.
True
What is the main feedstock for fractional distillation?
Crude oil
Which fraction is typically used for making lubricating oils?
Lubricating oil fraction
What is the role of the condenser in fractional distillation?
To cool and condense the vapor back into liquid.
What happens to the vapor as it rises in the fractionating column?
It cools and condenses at different heights based on boiling points.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a light fraction used as a solvent and in cleaning products.
Petrol (gasoline)
What are the environmental concerns associated with the use of crude oil?
Pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and oil spills.
True or False: Fractional distillation can be used to separate gases.
True
What is a common use of the heavy fractions of crude oil?
Asphalt or road tar.
What is the boiling point range of diesel fuel?
Approximately 180°C to 360°C.
