fr revoucia, napoleon, kongres Flashcards
1st estate
- 1% of population
- higher clergy = abbots, bishops
- own 10-15% of soil
- pay no taxes
3rd estate
- 97% of population
- middle class = rich
- doctors, merchants, bankers, lawyers = bourgeoise
- urban workers = sans cullotes
- peasants - landless labourers
- paying taxes
- no voice in changing laws
bourgeoise
-Before the Napoleonic Wars, the bourgeoisie were wealthy but had little political power, as aristocrats held most of the influence. After the wars, their power grew as industrialization and liberal ideas expanded, giving them more wealth and a stronger political voice. They played a key role in pushing for political reforms and challenging the old aristocratic order.
was the vienna congress a success?
The Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) helped bring peace to Europe after the Napoleonic Wars by setting new borders and balancing power between countries. It kept Europe stable for many years and restored monarchies. However, it ignored growing feelings of nationalism and freedom, which led to unrest later on.
what was the main idea of vienna congress?
The main idea of the Congress of Vienna was to restore peace and stability to Europe after the Napoleonic Wars by creating a balance of power. The goal was to prevent any one country from becoming too powerful, redraw national borders, and preserve monarchies to avoid future conflicts.
how did the fr rev end
The French Revolution ended in 1799 when Napoleon took power in a coup (a sudden takeover). He used his army to overthrow the weak government called the Directory. After that, he set up a new government called the Consulate, with himself in charge as First Consul, which gave him most of the power. This marked the end of the revolution. In 1804, he made himself Emperor, which completely ended the revolutionary changes.
concert of eu
The Concert of Europe was a system created after the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 to keep peace in Europe by having the big countries work together.
Was it a good idea? Here are three reasons:
- It helped avoid big wars: For almost 100 years, Europe didn’t have major wars between the big countries. The powers kept each other in check, so no one got too strong and started a war.
- It brought stability: The countries talked and worked things out instead of fighting. When there were revolutions in places like Spain and Italy, the big countries helped stop them, which kept peace.
- It kept Europe peaceful for a long time: The system stopped countries from fighting each other. This let them focus on rebuilding their economies and developing their countries instead of going to war.
But, it wasn’t perfect. Sometimes it ignored people’s wishes for more freedom. Still, overall, it helped keep peace for many years.
3 causes of fr rev
- economic hardship (debt from french-indian war), high taxes, little money
-social inequality between the 3 estates, lavish life at the palace
-2 years of drought (food shortage)
The storming of the Bastille
The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, was when people attacked a prison in Paris that symbolized the king’s power. It showed that the people were ready to fight against the king. This event made more people join the revolution and helped weaken the king’s rule.
peasants and fr rev
The French Revolution improved peasants’ wealth, social status, and rights. They were freed from feudal taxes and didnt work for nobles without pay, gained equal legal rights, and had more opportunities to own land, boosting their social standing and economic power.
jacobins
a radical group in the French Revolution who wanted to overthrow the monarchy and create a republic
The Continental Blockade
a trade restriction imposed by Napoleon in 1806, aiming to prevent Britain from trading with European countries
three negatives
Napoleon became a dictator, limiting political freedoms and suppressing opposition.
His military campaigns caused widespread destruction, loss of life, and drained France’s resources.
The Continental Blockade hurt European economies, leading to shortages and resentment among France’s allies.
spanish/iberian war
drained Napoleon’s resources and diverted his attention from his main campaigns in Europe. The Spanish guerrilla fighters and British forces weakening his army. This conflict ultimately weakened Napoleon’s control over Europe and delayed his plans for further expansion.
the importance of france in vienna congress
France aimed to restore its monarchy and avoid harsh punishment, seeking to regain stability and maintain its influence in Europe after Napoleon’s defeat.
