FPP/MSS Flashcards
Pemphigus vulgaris
Autoimmune blistering disease. Acquires. Rare. Effects the elderly. Caused by autoantibodies against desmosal proteins specifically desmoglein 1 and 3. This weakens the desmosomes and results in intraepidermal blistering. Flaccid blisters that quickly turn into erosions. Affects mucosal and cutaneous sites. Nikolsky sign is positive.
Ichthyosis vulgaris
“Fish scale” Common AD genetic condition. Caused by mutations in the profilaggrin gene that leads to a defective cornified envelop. Extremities, primarily the shin, are affected. Presents with dry skin, hyperlinear palms.
UV
Known to promote the development of skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
UVC
200-280 nm. Absorbed by the ozone. Very little reaches earths surface.
UVB
280-320 nm. Penetrates the epidermis and superficial dermis. Causes erythema and sunburn.
UVA
320-400 nm. Penetrates the dermis. Causes tanning and photo aging.
SPF
A measure of the protection against UVB. SPF= MED(protected)/MED(unprotected).
Sunscreen (physical blockers)
zinc oxide, titanium oxide. Reflects and scatters light.
Sunscreen (chemical blockers)
PABA, oxybenzene, avobenzene. Absorbs UV light and converts it to heat.
Collagen in the skin
Primarily type 1 and type 3. During embryogenesis and wound healing there is an increase in type 3. Produced by fibroblasts.
Marfans syndrome
Caused by a mutation in the fibrillin gene. AD. MS: tall and thin body type, long limbs and fingers, scoliosis, flexible joints. Eye: myopia, ectopia lentis. Skin: striae. CV: Aortic aneurysms/dilations, mitral valve prolapse.
Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Caused by a variety of mutations that disrupt collagen production. Results in fragile skin, prone to scarring, flexible joints, arthritis, severe scoliosis, rupture of the blood vessels, intestines, and the uterus.
Morphea
Localized scleroderma. Acquired autoimmune disease characterized by sclerosis (thickening of collagen). Appears erythematous and as indurated plaques that slowly expand. Can leave behind fibrotic and atrophic scars and can cause some joint and neurological complications.
Systemic sclerosis
Acquired autoimmune disease. More common in middle aged women. CREST: calcinosis cutis, Raynauds, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia. Diffuse systemic sclerosis: Widespread sclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, renal failure, GI disease, cardiac disease.
Erythema nodosum
Inflammation of the subcutis layer. Presents as tender, red nodules that arise in the shins. Reactive panniculitis means EN was caused by wither strep pharyngitis, oral contraceptives, IBD, or a malignancy.
Bullous pemphigoid
Antibodies are directed towards the BP antigens 1 and 2 (BP230 and BP180). Results in subepidural blistering. Niklosky sign is negative.
Generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa (GABEB)
Due to an absent or decreased expression of type 17 collagen (BP180).
Laminin 332
Binds to hemidesmosomes on the basal keratinocyte and to type 7 collagen in the dermis providing adhesion between the two structures. Within the lamina densa.
Mucous membrane pemphigoid
Antibodies against laminin 332, BP 180, and integrins. Results in the development of scars, strictures, synechiae, and blindness.
Epidermal bullosa acquisita
Antibodies against type 7 collagen. Even slight trauma elicits blistering. Erosions and healing leaves behind atrophy, milia, scars, and pigmentation defects.
Inherited epidermolysis bullosa
EB simplex is due to keratin 5, 14. Junctional EB is due to laminin 332, BP180, integrins. Dystrophic EB is due to collagen type 7. Kindler syndrome is due to Kindlin 1.
Hair follicle
Hair bulb, isthmus, infundibulum.
Hair cycle
Growth phase: anagen. Transition phase: catogen. Resting phase: telogen.
Anorexia
Characterized by an abnormal increase in lanugo hair types.