FPC Flashcards
Activities of daily living
Daily self-care activities used as a measure of functional status particularly in elderly or disabled
Birth rate
Summary rate based on the number of births in a population over a given period of time, usually a year
Clinical audit
A quality improvement process to improve patient care and outcomes through systematic review of care against explicit criteria and implantation of change
Coping
Process of managing stress
Critical appraisal
Process of carefully and systemically examining research to judge its trustworthiness and its value and relevance in a particular context
Culture - Tyler, 1874
A complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, costumes etc.
Culture - Keesing, 1981
Systems of shared ideas, systems of concepts and rules and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the ways that humans live.
Disease
A physiological or psychological dysfunction.
How does disease differ from illness?
Disease is the same biological process in each individual who suffers it, but illness is influenced by other features
What features influence illness?
Age, personality, personal circumstances and
previous experience.
Disease prevention
Refers to measures taken to prevent diseases, (or injuries) rather than curing or treating symptoms.
Ethnicity
Cultural practices and outlooks that characterise and distinguish a group of people. Characteristics identifying an ethnic group include a common language, common customs and beliefs and tradition. Term is preferred over ‘race’.
Gender
The social implication of being male or female, including differences in the way women and men think, behave or interact in society. Gender patterns vary both within and between societies.
Hazard
The potential to cause harm
Health promotion
The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. Applied to a wide range of approaches to improving health of people, communities and populations.
Illness
A person’s experience or subjective notion of being ill.
Incidence
Number of new cases of a disease in a population in a defined period of time.
What does incidence tell us?
About trends in causation and the aetiology of disease.
Infant mortality rate
A measure of the rate of deaths (usually in one year) in children less than one year old with the number of live births in the same year as the denominator.
What is Infant mortality rate a useful indicator of?
The level of health in a community
Mortality rate
The death rate
All-cause mortality or ‘crude death rate’.
Measure of the number of deaths (from any cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size that population usually expressed per 1,000 or 100,000 persons per year
Disease (cause)-specific mortality
Number of deaths due to a given disease (cause) per
time, usually expressed per 1,000 or 100,000 persons per year.
Prevalence
The number (proportion) or individuals with a disease at a given point in time (point prevalence) or within a defined interval (period prevalence
Quality of Life
The general well-being of individuals and societies. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multi-dimensional concept that includes domains related to physical, mental, emotional and social functioning, and focuses on the impact health status has on quality of life.
QUALY
Measure of disease burden, including the quality and quantity of life lived.
What is QUALY used for and what is it based on?
Assessing the value for money of an intervention based on the number of years of life that would be added by the intervention.
Race
A group of people linked by biological or genetic factors. Not used to describe different social groups.
Risk
A measure of the likelihood of harm occurring.
Self-efficacy
A person’s belief in their ability to succeed in, or manage, a situation.
Sex
The biological characteristics of men and women.
Social Class
A form of social stratification (layering of society).
What are the six social classes in the most common occupational classification currently in use, and used in Britain since the 1911 Census (minor variation over time)?
I (professionals); II (managerial and technical); III (a) (skilled: non-manual); III(b) (skilled: manual); IV (partly skilled manual); V (unskilled).
Stress
The body’s response to the demands placed upon it.
The Sick Role
The traditionally temporary, medically sanctioned social role of being sick.
