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PS 307 > Fourth Test > Flashcards

Fourth Test Flashcards

1
Q

Taking measure against offending states are unilateral measures known as what?

A

self-help or counter measures

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2
Q

What are the three kinds of counter measures?

A
  • reprisal
  • reciprocal
  • retorsion
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3
Q

Retorsion is an act of what?

A

Retaliation to an unfriendly act

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4
Q

Countermeasures against an offending state may be taken by the aggrieved states through joint action called what?

A

Collective Sanctions

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5
Q

How many types of reparations are there?

A

3

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6
Q

What are the three types of reparations?

A
  • restitution
  • indemnity
  • satisfaction
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7
Q

In I.L., private persons may also initiate what?

A

claims against a state against a state for violations

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8
Q

True or false: unless there is international agreement, a state has no obligation to admit nationals of another state

A

true

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9
Q

If an alien is injured by a private person, his remedy is against who?

A

that person

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10
Q

A state is responsible for injury to the person or property of an alien only if the offensive act is what?

A

attributable to the state

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11
Q

What occurs where individuals act in parallel ways to official institutions and the government does not discourage them?

A

De Facto Agents

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12
Q

Economic interests of alien investors may be harmed by non-commercial risks such as what?

A

political and social upheavals

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13
Q

Just compensation requires what?

A
  • payment for full market value

- in convertible currency

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14
Q

A US national seeking legal redress in US courts for injury due to foreign state may be faced with a claim of what?

A

Sovereign Immunity

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15
Q

What concept means you may not sue an independent political entity unless the sovereign waives the immunity?

A

Sovereign Immunity

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16
Q

Many cases of sovereign immunity end up in what?

A

international arbitration

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17
Q

Which section of the UN charter directs all members to settle their disputes by peaceful means?

A

Article 2, paragraph 3

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18
Q

The US is party to how many bilateral and multilateral treaties?

A

more than 70

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19
Q

The main method of settling disputes or prevent one from occurring is what?

A

negotiation

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20
Q

Disputes may also be resolved by what?

A

the good offices approach

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21
Q

Another approach to dispute settlement is what?

A

arbitration

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22
Q

Arbitration leads to a what?

A

binding settlement based on law

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23
Q

The arbitration panel is made up of judges who are usually appointed by who?

A

the parties

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24
Q

In recent years, the most active arbitration tribunal has been what?

A

the Iran-US tribunal

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25
Q

Where is the Iran-US tribunal based and how many members does it hold?

A

The Hague; 9

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26
Q

How are the Iran-US tribunal members selected?

A

3 by Iran
3 by the US
3 by the 6

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27
Q

Where is the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce?

A

Paris

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28
Q

The ICJ is based on a what?

A

a statute

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29
Q

The parties to the ICJ statute include who? and who is the non-member?

A

all members of the UN; Switzerland

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30
Q

How many judges are on the ICJ?

A

15

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31
Q

Who elects the ICJ judges?

A

The security council and the GA

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32
Q

The ICJ has what two kinds of jurisdiction?

A
  • to decide contentious cases between the states

- to render advisory opinions

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33
Q

Who was involved in the Case Concerning US Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran?

A

US-Iran

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34
Q

Who handled the Case Concerning US Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran and when?

A

ICJ, 1980

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35
Q

What was the ruling in the Case Concerning US Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran?

A

In the absence of an agreement, either party in a dispute may unilaterally have recourse to the ICJ

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36
Q

Who handled the Western Sahara case and when?

A

ICJ, 1975

37
Q

Who was involved in the Western Sahara case?

A

Spain-Morocco

38
Q

What was the ruling in the Western Sahara case?

A

the competence of the ICJ to give an opinion does not depend on the consent of the interested states

39
Q

The ICJ is known as what?

A

the court of 1st and last resort

40
Q

The main purpose of the UN is what?

A

maintain international peace and security

41
Q

Which part of the UN charter seeks to remove threats to promote peaceful settlement of international dispute?

A

Article 1(1)

42
Q

The security council is made up of who?

A

5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members

43
Q

The secretary general is appointed for how long?

A

5 years

44
Q

Which article of the UN charter describes the selection of the secretary general?

A

Article 97

45
Q

Under what article may the secretary general bring any matter that threatens international peace and security to the attention of the council?

A

Article 99

46
Q

Which article of the UN charter states that members are to refrain from the threat or use of force against the territory of any state?

A

Article 2

47
Q

Which part of the UN charter states that all members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means?

A

Article 2 (3)

48
Q

The GA defines what as the use of armed forces by a state against the territory or independence of another state in manner inconsistent with the charter?

A

Aggression

49
Q

What are the 5 types of UN sanctions?

A
  • Diplomatic sanctions
  • arms embargoes
  • commodity interdiction
  • travel bans
  • asset freezes
50
Q

When was the UDHR drafted?

A

1948

51
Q

When was the convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide?

A

1948

52
Q

When was the convention relating to the status of refugees?

A

1951

53
Q

When was the convention on the political rights of women?

A

1952

54
Q

When was the convention relating to the status of stateless persons?

A

1954

55
Q

When was the international convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination?

A

1965

56
Q

When was the international covenant on civil and political rights?

A

1966

57
Q

When was the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women?

A

1980

58
Q

when was the convention concerning occupational safety and health issues and the working environment?

A

1981

59
Q

When was the convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment?

A

1984

60
Q

When did the Rome statute establish the ICC?

A

1998

61
Q

When was the protocol to prevent, suppress, and punish trafficking in persons?

A

2000

62
Q

How many chapters and articles are in the UN charter?

A

19 chapters; 111 articles

63
Q

How many articles does chapter 1 of the UN charter have and what does it discuss?

A

2; purposes and principles

64
Q

How many articles does chapter 4 of the UN charter have and what does it discuss?

A

14; focuses on GA

65
Q

How many articles does chapter 5 of the UN charter have and what does it discuss?

A

10; security council

66
Q

What does chapter 7 of the Un charter discuss?

A

threats to peace and acts of aggression

67
Q

How many articles does chapter 14 of the UN charter have and what does it discuss?

A

5; ICJ

68
Q

How many articles does chapter 15 of the UN charter have and what does it discuss?

A

5;UN General Secretariat

69
Q

Concepts of “information warfare” applies to military techniques that target the opponent’s what?

A
  • information systems
  • command and control systems
  • intelligence systems
  • civil infrastructure
70
Q

Non-lethal military techniques include what?

A
  • slippery foam
  • pungent fumes
  • microwaves
71
Q

What is another name for changing info in a targeted info system without damaging its physical components in a computer network?

A

Hacking

72
Q

When was the US-soviet Nuclear Accidents Agreement signed and effective?

A

September 30, 1971

73
Q

When was the ABM Treaty (limitation of anti-ballistic missle systems)signed and effective?

A

Signed: May 26 1972
Effective: May 25 1976

74
Q

When was the US-Soviet agreement on the prevention of nuclear war signed and effective?

A

June 23 1973

75
Q

When was the Threshold Ban Treaty (underground nuclear weapons tests) signed and effective?

A

Signed: July 3 1974
Effective: December 11 1990

76
Q

When was the peaceful nuclear explosions treaty (underground explosions for peaceful purposes) signed and effective?

A

Signed: May 28 1976
Effective: December 11 1990

77
Q

When was the French-Soviet Nuclear Accidents Agreement signed and effective?

A

July 16 1976

78
Q

When was the British-Soviet Nuclear Accidents agreement signed and effective?

A

October 10, 1977

79
Q

When was the START Treaty ( US-soviet treaty on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms) signed and effective?

A

Signed: July 31 1991
Effective: December 5 1994

80
Q

When was the Antarctic Treaty signed and effective?

A

Signed: December 1 1959
Effective: June 23 1961

81
Q

When was the Limited Test Ban Treaty ( treaty banning nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, outer space, and under water) signed and effective?

A

Signed: August 5 1963
Effective: October 10 1963

82
Q

When was the outer space treaty signed and effective?

A

Signed: January 27 1967
Effective: October 10 1967

83
Q

When was the Treaty of Tlateloclo signed and effective?

A

Signed: February 14 1967
Effective: April 22 1968

84
Q

When was the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons signed and effective?

A

Signed: July 1 1968
Effective: March 5 1970

85
Q

When was the Sea-bed treaty signed and effective?

A

Signed: February 11 1971
Effective: May 18 1972

86
Q

When was the Biological Weapons convention signed and effective?

A

Signed: April 10 1972
Effective: March 26 1975

87
Q

When was the ENMOD Convention (enviromental modifications) signed and effective?

A

Signed: May 18 1977
Effective: October 5 1978

88
Q

When was the chemical weapons convention signed and effective?

A

Signed: January 13 1993
Effective: April 29 1997

89
Q

When was the Landmine Convention signed and effective?

A

Signed: December 3 1997
Effective: March 1 1999

PS 307 (5 decks)

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