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PS 307 > Fourth Test > Flashcards

Fourth Test Flashcards

1
Q

Taking measure against offending states are unilateral measures known as what?

A

self-help or counter measures

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2
Q

What are the three kinds of counter measures?

A
  • reprisal
  • reciprocal
  • retorsion
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3
Q

Retorsion is an act of what?

A

Retaliation to an unfriendly act

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4
Q

Countermeasures against an offending state may be taken by the aggrieved states through joint action called what?

A

Collective Sanctions

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5
Q

How many types of reparations are there?

A

3

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6
Q

What are the three types of reparations?

A
  • restitution
  • indemnity
  • satisfaction
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7
Q

In I.L., private persons may also initiate what?

A

claims against a state against a state for violations

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8
Q

True or false: unless there is international agreement, a state has no obligation to admit nationals of another state

A

true

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9
Q

If an alien is injured by a private person, his remedy is against who?

A

that person

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10
Q

A state is responsible for injury to the person or property of an alien only if the offensive act is what?

A

attributable to the state

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11
Q

What occurs where individuals act in parallel ways to official institutions and the government does not discourage them?

A

De Facto Agents

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12
Q

Economic interests of alien investors may be harmed by non-commercial risks such as what?

A

political and social upheavals

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13
Q

Just compensation requires what?

A
  • payment for full market value

- in convertible currency

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14
Q

A US national seeking legal redress in US courts for injury due to foreign state may be faced with a claim of what?

A

Sovereign Immunity

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15
Q

What concept means you may not sue an independent political entity unless the sovereign waives the immunity?

A

Sovereign Immunity

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16
Q

Many cases of sovereign immunity end up in what?

A

international arbitration

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17
Q

Which section of the UN charter directs all members to settle their disputes by peaceful means?

A

Article 2, paragraph 3

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18
Q

The US is party to how many bilateral and multilateral treaties?

A

more than 70

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19
Q

The main method of settling disputes or prevent one from occurring is what?

A

negotiation

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20
Q

Disputes may also be resolved by what?

A

the good offices approach

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21
Q

Another approach to dispute settlement is what?

A

arbitration

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22
Q

Arbitration leads to a what?

A

binding settlement based on law

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23
Q

The arbitration panel is made up of judges who are usually appointed by who?

A

the parties

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24
Q

In recent years, the most active arbitration tribunal has been what?

A

the Iran-US tribunal

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25
Where is the Iran-US tribunal based and how many members does it hold?
The Hague; 9
26
How are the Iran-US tribunal members selected?
3 by Iran 3 by the US 3 by the 6
27
Where is the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce?
Paris
28
The ICJ is based on a what?
a statute
29
The parties to the ICJ statute include who? and who is the non-member?
all members of the UN; Switzerland
30
How many judges are on the ICJ?
15
31
Who elects the ICJ judges?
The security council and the GA
32
The ICJ has what two kinds of jurisdiction?
- to decide contentious cases between the states | - to render advisory opinions
33
Who was involved in the Case Concerning US Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran?
US-Iran
34
Who handled the Case Concerning US Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran and when?
ICJ, 1980
35
What was the ruling in the Case Concerning US Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran?
In the absence of an agreement, either party in a dispute may unilaterally have recourse to the ICJ
36
Who handled the Western Sahara case and when?
ICJ, 1975
37
Who was involved in the Western Sahara case?
Spain-Morocco
38
What was the ruling in the Western Sahara case?
the competence of the ICJ to give an opinion does not depend on the consent of the interested states
39
The ICJ is known as what?
the court of 1st and last resort
40
The main purpose of the UN is what?
maintain international peace and security
41
Which part of the UN charter seeks to remove threats to promote peaceful settlement of international dispute?
Article 1(1)
42
The security council is made up of who?
5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members
43
The secretary general is appointed for how long?
5 years
44
Which article of the UN charter describes the selection of the secretary general?
Article 97
45
Under what article may the secretary general bring any matter that threatens international peace and security to the attention of the council?
Article 99
46
Which article of the UN charter states that members are to refrain from the threat or use of force against the territory of any state?
Article 2
47
Which part of the UN charter states that all members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means?
Article 2 (3)
48
The GA defines what as the use of armed forces by a state against the territory or independence of another state in manner inconsistent with the charter?
Aggression
49
What are the 5 types of UN sanctions?
- Diplomatic sanctions - arms embargoes - commodity interdiction - travel bans - asset freezes
50
When was the UDHR drafted?
1948
51
When was the convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide?
1948
52
When was the convention relating to the status of refugees?
1951
53
When was the convention on the political rights of women?
1952
54
When was the convention relating to the status of stateless persons?
1954
55
When was the international convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination?
1965
56
When was the international covenant on civil and political rights?
1966
57
When was the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women?
1980
58
when was the convention concerning occupational safety and health issues and the working environment?
1981
59
When was the convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment?
1984
60
When did the Rome statute establish the ICC?
1998
61
When was the protocol to prevent, suppress, and punish trafficking in persons?
2000
62
How many chapters and articles are in the UN charter?
19 chapters; 111 articles
63
How many articles does chapter 1 of the UN charter have and what does it discuss?
2; purposes and principles
64
How many articles does chapter 4 of the UN charter have and what does it discuss?
14; focuses on GA
65
How many articles does chapter 5 of the UN charter have and what does it discuss?
10; security council
66
What does chapter 7 of the Un charter discuss?
threats to peace and acts of aggression
67
How many articles does chapter 14 of the UN charter have and what does it discuss?
5; ICJ
68
How many articles does chapter 15 of the UN charter have and what does it discuss?
5;UN General Secretariat
69
Concepts of "information warfare" applies to military techniques that target the opponent's what?
- information systems - command and control systems - intelligence systems - civil infrastructure
70
Non-lethal military techniques include what?
- slippery foam - pungent fumes - microwaves
71
What is another name for changing info in a targeted info system without damaging its physical components in a computer network?
Hacking
72
When was the US-soviet Nuclear Accidents Agreement signed and effective?
September 30, 1971
73
When was the ABM Treaty (limitation of anti-ballistic missle systems)signed and effective?
Signed: May 26 1972 Effective: May 25 1976
74
When was the US-Soviet agreement on the prevention of nuclear war signed and effective?
June 23 1973
75
When was the Threshold Ban Treaty (underground nuclear weapons tests) signed and effective?
Signed: July 3 1974 Effective: December 11 1990
76
When was the peaceful nuclear explosions treaty (underground explosions for peaceful purposes) signed and effective?
Signed: May 28 1976 Effective: December 11 1990
77
When was the French-Soviet Nuclear Accidents Agreement signed and effective?
July 16 1976
78
When was the British-Soviet Nuclear Accidents agreement signed and effective?
October 10, 1977
79
When was the START Treaty ( US-soviet treaty on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms) signed and effective?
Signed: July 31 1991 Effective: December 5 1994
80
When was the Antarctic Treaty signed and effective?
Signed: December 1 1959 Effective: June 23 1961
81
When was the Limited Test Ban Treaty ( treaty banning nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, outer space, and under water) signed and effective?
Signed: August 5 1963 Effective: October 10 1963
82
When was the outer space treaty signed and effective?
Signed: January 27 1967 Effective: October 10 1967
83
When was the Treaty of Tlateloclo signed and effective?
Signed: February 14 1967 Effective: April 22 1968
84
When was the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons signed and effective?
Signed: July 1 1968 Effective: March 5 1970
85
When was the Sea-bed treaty signed and effective?
Signed: February 11 1971 Effective: May 18 1972
86
When was the Biological Weapons convention signed and effective?
Signed: April 10 1972 Effective: March 26 1975
87
When was the ENMOD Convention (enviromental modifications) signed and effective?
Signed: May 18 1977 Effective: October 5 1978
88
When was the chemical weapons convention signed and effective?
Signed: January 13 1993 Effective: April 29 1997
89
When was the Landmine Convention signed and effective?
Signed: December 3 1997 Effective: March 1 1999

PS 307 (5 decks)

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