Fourth Sentence Science Prompts Flashcards
Spin is considered to be an intrinsic form of, for 10 points, what quantity, symbolized L, is the rotational analogue of linear momentum?
Angular Momentum
This pathway can be activated by release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, which activates cysteine proteases, called caspases.
Apoptosis
For 10 points, name this type of electrical current that follows a sinusoidal pattern, unlike direct current.
Alternating Current
For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized L, which is the rotational analogue of linear momentum.
Angular Momentum
For 10 points, name this French chemist, the so-called “father of modern chemistry.”
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier
For 10 points, name this end product of cellular respiration, the “energy currency” of the cell.
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
For 10 points, name these compounds that react together to form poly·olefins.
Alkenes
For 10 points, name this class of hydrocarbons that are characterized by a double bond, which are contrasted with alkanes and alkynes.
Alkenes
For 10 points, name this second simplest carboxylic acid with formula CH3COOH, which is found in vinegar.
Acetic Acid
For 10 points, name this rotational analog of linear momentum.
Angular Momentum
For 10 points, name this functional group characterized by the presence of at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
Alkenes
For 10 points, name this group of very reactive metallic elements which includes francium and lithium.
Alkali Metals
For 10 points, the cross product of position and momentum equals what rotational analogue of momentum?
Angular Momentum
For 10 points, give this property that allows one to ignore parentheses in products since the quantity “a times b,” end quantity, times c, equals a times the quantity “b times c.”
Associativity
For 10 points, name this quantity equal to one-half base times height.
Area of a Triangle
For 10 points, name this group of reactive metal elements which include potassium and sodium.
Alkali Metals
For 10 points, name this prolific French mathematician who names the statement that the absolute value of x dot y is less than or equal to the product of the norms of x and y along with Schwarz.
Augustin-Louis Cauchy:
For 10 points, name this “energy currency” of the cell, which is produced through cellular respiration.
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
For 10 points, name this symbol that typically also represents multiplication.
Asterisk
For 10 points, name this largest artery of the human body.
Aorta
For 10 points, name this superior counting system which, in Europe, replaced one named for the Romans.
Arabic Numerals
For 10 points, name this French mathematician who shares the name of a famous inequality with Hermann Schwarz and the name of a pair of differential equations with Bernhard Riemann.
Augustin-Louis Cauchy:
Rubidium, cesium, and francium are, for 10 points, members of what elemental group composed of metals that all form a plus one charge.
Alkali Metals
What substances are contrasted with bases?
Acetic Acid
For 10 points, UNIX and MS-DOS use what character as a wildcard character in searching, also seen in both C and Java to represent multiplication?
Asterisk
At 16.6 degrees Celsius, the anhydrous “glacial” version of this compound begins to form.
Acetic Acid
For 10 points, name this class of chemical compounds that exhibit a pH less than seven.
Acetic Acid
For 10 points, name this French scientist who is considered the father of modern chemistry.
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier
Unlike necrosis, this process is orderly.
Apoptosis
For 10 points, name these long projections of neurons.
Axons
For 10 points, name this family of hydrocarbons that includes propene and acetylene.
Alkenes
On QWERTY-keyboards, this symbol comes above the eight.
Asterisk
- For 10 points, name this weak acid, which is found in vinegar.
Acetic Acid
For 10 points, name this leftmost group on the periodic table.
Alkali Metals
For 10 points, name this form of cell death.
Apoptosis
For 10 points, name this molecule that stores energy in the bonds between phosphate groups.
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
For 10 points, name this property which states that the order in which consecutive occurrences of certain binary operations are carried out will not affect the result of an expression.
Associativity
The release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria triggers, 10 points, what process of programmed cell death?
Apoptosis
For 10 points, name this molecule that serves as the “energy currency” of the cell.
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
For 10 points, name this pioneer of stoichiometry, a scientist guillotined during the French Revolution who was considered the father of modern chemistry.
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier
For 10 points, name this French mathematician, who names that inequality with Schwarz.
Augustin-Louis Cauchy:
For 10 points, name this second-most complex carboxylic acid, which is the main component of vinegar.
Acetic Acid
For 10 points, give this last name shared by Marie-Anne and her husband Antoine, the father of modern chemistry and coiner of the name “oxygen”.
Lavoisier/Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier
The brachiocephalic artery, the left subclavian artery, and the left common carotid artery all split off of—for 10 points—what artery in the body?
Aorta
For 10 points, what molecule often used to power active transport has a function similar to a charged battery?
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
The first to state the law of conservation of mass, for 10 points, name this French chemist, often considered the father of modern chemistry.
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier
For 10 points, name this flow of charge, which comes in “alternating” and “direct” types.
Electrical Current/Alternating Current
Oxygenated blood is received from the heart and distributed by–for 10 points–what largest artery in the human body?
Aorta
For 10 points, name this form of radioactive decay that results in the emission of its namesake particle, such as an electron.
Beta Decay
For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which a nucleus emits either a positron or an electron.
Beta Decay
For 10 points, name this anion found in limestone, with formula “C-O-3 2-minus.”
Bicarbonate
Sometimes occurring with electron capture, for 10 points, name this type of radioactive decay in which a positron or electron is emitted from a nucleus in its plus or minus versions.
Beta Decay
Renal compensation regulates the levels of this anion.
Bicarbonate
For 10 points, name this base formed by carbonic anhydrase, a major constituent of the blood’s buffering system.
Bicarbonate
For 10 points, name this class of vertebrates with feathers and wings.
Birds
This anion is present in excess in alkalosis, when its equilibrium is favored over the acid that forms when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.
Bicarbonate
For 10 points, name these feathered, egg-laying vertebrates that are typically, but not always, capable of flight.
Birds
These animals are believed to have evolved from Archaeopteryx, a dinosaur common during the Jurassic.
Birds
- For 10 points, name this modern class of vertebrates, examples of which include the flightless emu and flying eagles.
Birds
For 10 points, identify these ideal objects which absorb all incident radiation.
Black Body/Perfect Black Body
For 10 points, name these things which emit more energy than any other object with the same temperature and absorb all incoming electromagnetic radiation.
Black Body/Perfect Black Body
When a substance reaches this quantity, vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.
Boiling Point
For 10 points, name this temperature equal to 100 degrees celsius for water.
Boiling Point
For 10 points, name this temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.
Boiling Point
This is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to its surroundings.
Boiling Point
For 10 points, name this temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.
Boiling Point
Bone/Bone Tissue
Vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure at, for 10 points, what temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas, equal to 100 degrees for water?
Boiling Point
A device for measuring this quantity is called an ebullioscope.
Boiling Point
This temperature is colligatively increased when a solute is added to a liquid and is highest for substances with strong intermolecular forces.
Boiling Point
The density of these structures can be measured with a DEXA scan.
Bone/Bone Tissue
For 10 points, name this tissue which makes up the majority of the body’s skeletal system.
Bone/Bone Tissue
Calcitonin is administered to treat a condition of this tissue named osteoporosis.
Bone/Bone Tissue
For 10 points, name this hard connective tissue created by osteoblasts which makes up the skeleton.
Bone/Bone Tissue
For 10 points, name this tissue that provides structural integrity to organisms through the skeletal system.
Bone/Bone Tissue
This tissue consists of inorganic carbonated hydroxyapatite.
Bone/Bone Tissue
Because it has an empty p orbital, this element’s trifluoride is a common Lewis acid.
Boron
For 10 points, name this element with atomic number five.
Boron
Compounds of this element are often electron-deficient, since they violate the octet rule by having only six valence electrons.
Boron
For 10 points, name this metalloid element, with atomic number 5 and symbol B.
Boron
For 10 points, name this first p-block element, a metalloid with atomic number 5.
Boron
This element’s trifluoride is a Lewis acid which is planar because it has only 3 bonding domains, since this element violates the octet rule.
Boron
This element is the lightest to have an electron in the p subshell in its ground state.
Boron
For 10 points, name this disease, most common in women, that is detected by a mammogram.
Breast Cancer
It is subdivided into conditions of ductal and lobular origin.
Breast Cancer
This disease is screened for using mammograms and self-exams.
Breast Cancer
For 10 points, name this type of cancer that is usually treated with a mastectomy and radiation.
Breast Cancer
For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which small particles move about randomly because of the motion of gas or liquid particles surrounding them.
Brownian Motion
Named for a British botanist is – for ten points – what random motion of suspended particles exemplified by pollen grains in water?
Brownian Motion
For 10 points, name this random motion of particles suspended in a fluid, discovered in pollen grains by its namesake Scottish botanist.
Brownian Motion
For 10 points, diffusion is a basic example of what random motion of particles in a fluid, first discovered in grains of pollen by its namesake botanist Robert Brown?
Brownian Motion
Name this seemingly random movement of particles suspended in a fluid, also known as pedesis.
Brownian Motion
For 10 points, name this upward-pointing force that opposes gravity in a fluid, allowing objects to float.
Buoyancy
For 10 points, name this upward-pointing force that keeps objects afloat.
Buoyancy
Scuba divers wear a compensator that allows them to modulate this phenomenon while underwater.
Buoyancy
For ten points, name this force discovered by Archimedes that causes objects to float.
Buoyancy
For 10 points, name this force whose magnitude is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
Buoyancy
For 10 points, name this element with symbol Ca, found in bones and milk.
Calcium
Inadequate Vitamin D levels decrease this element’s absorption, which can lead to conditions like osteoporosis.
Calcium
For 10 points, name this element stored in teeth and bones.
Calcium
This element’s oxalate [AWK-suh-layt] salt makes up most kidney stones.
Calcium
For 10 points, name this alkaline earth metal whose ions are stored in bones.
Calcium
Osteoclast activity increases in response to low blood levels of this ion.
Calcium
For 10 points, name this cation (“CAT-eye-on”) that aids in muscle contraction and is stored in bones.
Calcium
For 10 points, name this technique that measures the heat change of a reaction.
Calorimeter/Calorimetry
For 10 points, name this technique for measuring the heat of a chemical reaction, which has a similar name to a unit of energy provided by food.
Calorimeter/Calorimetry
The isothermal titration type of this technique is commonly used to study the binding of ligands to macromolecules.
Calorimeter/Calorimetry
For 10 points, name this lab technique that measures the heat gained or lost during a reaction.
Calorimeter/Calorimetry
For 10 points, name this technique that measures the flow of heat in a reaction, which is often performed in school labs using nested styrofoam coffee cups.
Calorimeter/Calorimetry
For 10 points, name this technique used to measure the heat evolved in a chemical reaction.
Calorimeter/Calorimetry
For 10 points, what first geological period in the Paleozoic (pay-lee-uh-ZOH-ick) era saw a huge increase in multiᐧcellular life, its namesake explosion?
Cambrian Period
For 10 points, name this geological period that was the first of the Paleozoic Era.
Cambrian Period
For 10 points, name this first period of the Paleozoic Era which had a great diversification in animals in its namesake “explosion”.
Cambrian Period
Trilobites are used as an index fossil to divide this period into zones.
Cambrian Period
For 10 points, chloroplasts consume water and what gas to make sugars during photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide
RuBisCo fixes this molecule in the Calvin cycle.
Carbon Dioxide
For 10 points, name this geologic period named for the Latin name of Wales.
Cambrian Period
For 10 points, name this gas, with the chemical formula CO2.
Carbon Dioxide
For 10 points, name this greenhouse gas that is released by the burning of fossil fuels.
Carbon Dioxide
This molecule forms carbonic acid when it reacts with water, causing ocean acidification.
Carbon Dioxide
For 10 points, name this quantity which represents the maximum population size that an environment can sustain.
Carrying Capacity
For 10 points, name this value, often denoted “K,” that represents the maximum population an environment can support.
Carrying Capacity
This value is found in the denominator of the competitive Lotka-Volterra equations and in the differential form of an 1838 equation published by Pierre Verhulst.
Carrying Capacity
For 10 points, name this electrode through which electrons flow and from which current leaves, the opposite of an anode.
Cathodes
For 10 points, name this structure consisting of a lipid bilayer that separates a cell from its environment.
Cell Membrane
For 10 points, name this structure that surrounds the cell.
Cell Membrane
Cholesterol increases the fluidity of this structure.
Cell Membrane
The fluid mosaic model describes this structure.
Cell Membrane
In plants, the cell wall surrounds this structure.
Cell Membrane
For 10 points, name this structure composed of two layers of phospholipids, which marks the boundary of a cell.
Cell Membrane
For 10 points, name this organelle where photosynthesis occurs in plants.
Chloroplasts
For 10 points—name these components of the cytoskeleton.
Centrioles
Thylakoids in this organelle contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
Chloroplasts
For 10 points, name this organelle that is responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts
Like the mitochondrion, this double-membraned organelle has its own DNA and was probably originally a prokaryote that got engulfed.
Chloroplasts
Both the light reactions and Calvin cycle occur in this organelle, which makes glucose.
Chloroplasts
For ten points, name this green organelle most frequently found in plants.
Chloroplasts
This organelle consists of the fluid stroma, which surrounds the grana, which are stacks of thylakoids.
Chloroplasts
This compound raises the melting point of phospholipids at high temperatures, but prevents bilayers from solidifying when it is cold, according to the fluid mosaic model.
Cholesterol
In the blood, this precursor to vitamin D is bound to lipoproteins like LDL.
Cholesterol
For 10 points, name this steroid found in the cell membrane.
Cholesterol
Steroids are synthesized from, for 10 points, what compound transported by LDL?
Cholesterol
The lipoprotein transporters of this compound, HDL and LDL, are called its “good” and “bad” types, respectively.
Cholesterol
For 10 points, name this blood lipid whose excess can cause heart disease.
Cholesterol
For 10 points, name this technique in which compounds are separated by their size through a stationary phase.
Chromatography
For 10 points, name this lab technique that uses stationary and mobile phases to separate mixtures, named for the colored patterns it creates.
Chromatography
In this technique, a mobile phase carries mixtures of interest past a stationary phase.
Chromatography
For 10 points, name this separation technique named for its initial use in separating colored plant pigments.
Chromatography
The analyte in this process is dissolved in a mobile phase, which moves through a stationary phase.
Chromatography
For 10 points, name this technique which separates materials based on their rate of movement through a medium.
Chromatography
For 10 points, name this technique named for the colors that might result from separating mixtures.
Chromatography
Adsorbent alumina or silica is used in a different version of this procedure, and a paper version of it can visualize different plant pigments.
Chromatography
For 10 points, name this laboratory technique often used in protein purification, in which a stationary phase separates out components of a mobile phase.
Chromatography
In essence, solving this equation will yield the coexistence curve for two states of a substance.
Clausius Clapeyron Equation
Its simplest form states that delta P over delta T equals L over T delta V.
Clausius Clapeyron Equation
For 10 points, name this doubly eponymous equation, which demonstrates a nonlinear relationship between the temperature and vapor pressure of a system.
Clausius Clapeyron Equation
Clearing bird droppings from a horn antenna led to this phenomenon’s accidental discovery by Penzias and Wilson.
CMBR (cosmic microwave background radiation):
For 10 points, name this electromagnetic radiation left over from the Big Bang.
CMBR (cosmic microwave background radiation):
This structure produced during the recombination epoch [EH-puck] approximates a blackbody with a temperature of 2.7 Kelvin.
CMBR (cosmic microwave background radiation):
For ten points, name this structure, the leftover radiation from the Big Bang.
CMBR (cosmic microwave background radiation):
It was discovered after first being mistaken for pigeon droppings by Penzias and Wilson.
CMBR (cosmic microwave background radiation):
Discovered by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson at Bell Labs, sounds caused by this phenomenon were thought to have been caused by pigeon droppings.
CMBR (cosmic microwave background radiation):
For 10 points, name this thermal radiation whose temperature is 2.7 Kelvin, and which is found throughout the universe.
CMBR (cosmic microwave background radiation):
For 10 points, name this feature of the universe that serves as evidence for the Big Bang theory.
CMBR (cosmic microwave background radiation):
These events are often solved using the center-of-momentum frame.
Collisions
These events always conserve momentum, and if they conserve total kinetic energy, they are called perfectly elastic.
Collisions
The probability of these events may be characterized by the mean free path and is typically expressed in terms of cross-sectional area.
Collisions
The center-of-momentum frame is often used to simplify problems where two bodies undergo this kind of interaction.
Collisions
One of these events must occur if a ballistic pendulum gains potential energy.
Collisions
The time of flight is the inverse of the frequency that these interactions happen at, denoted Z in the Arrhenius [er-RAINY-us] equation.
Collisions
For 10 points, billiard balls undergo which events, in which objects hit each other?
Collisions
These events always conserve momentum and may be classified as elastic or inelastic based on whether total kinetic energy is conserved.
Collisions
Brownian motion involves many of these events, and so does the Sinai billiard system.
Collisions
This type of interaction, which can be described by the coefficient of restitution, conserves momentum but not kinetic energy in its inelastic type.
Collisions
Deflection is a special case of these interactions, which have elastic and inelastic forms.
Collisions
This element reacts with acetic acid to form verdigris and is alloyed with tin to produce bronze.
Copper
For 10 points, name this metal found above silver and gold on the periodic table which has a distinct brown color.
Copper
For 10 points, name this metal whose atomic symbol is Cu [C-U].
Copper
Gilman reagents contain lithium and this metal, which has oxidation states of +1 and +2.
Copper
For 10 points, name this transition metal that has atomic number 29.
Copper
A sculpture created by Bartholdi is covered by this element’s carbonate.
Copper
For 10 points, name this event which occurred about 65 million years ago and killed off such reptiles as the T. Rex.
Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction Event
For ten points, name this event which caused the eradication of the Triceratops and Tyrannosaurus rex.
Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction Event
For 10 points—name this catastrophic event discovered by Luis Alvarez.
Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction Event
For 10 points, name this adjective that describes a point on a phase diagram where a solid and liquid phase are indistinguishable.
Critical
Liquids and gases do not exist beyond a value described by this adjective; that “point” described by this adjective can be visualized on a phase diagram.
Critical
Nuclear reactions become self-sustaining after reaching—for 10 points—what kind of “mass?”
Critical
For 10 points—identify this class of compounds containing non-aromatic six-membered rings.
Cyclohexane
For 10 points, name this congenital disease in which mucus builds up in the sinuses and lungs, abbreviated CF.
Cystic Fibrosis
This disease is often caused by the deletion of F508 in a particular ion transporter.
Cystic Fibrosis
The sweat chloride test diagnoses this disease.
Cystic Fibrosis
Clubbed fingers are common in people with this autosomal (aa-tuh-ZOW-muhl) recessive disease, which is treated using percussive vests to clear the airways.
Cystic Fibrosis
For 10 points, name this genetic disease characterized by the buildup of thick mucus in the lungs.
Cystic Fibrosis
People with this condition are often born with clubbed fingers.
Cystic Fibrosis
Chloride ions fail to get across the cell membrane in people with, for 10 points, what disease.
Cystic Fibrosis
For 10 points, name these entities that are not edges but connect vertices [VER-tuh-seez] of a polygon.
Diagonal
Given a regular polygon with n sides, the number of segments described by this term is equal to half the product of n and “n minus three.”
Diagonal
A square has two of these things, and their length is equal to the side length times root 2.
Diagonal
For 10 points, give this term for lines which are neither horizontal nor vertical.
Diagonal
When this process occurs in solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane, it is termed osmosis.
Diffusion
For 10 points, name this process of molecules moving down a concentration gradient.
Diffusion
This process limits the rate of kinetically-perfect catalysts.
Diffusion
This process is contrasted with bulk flow because it moves down a concentration gradient.
Diffusion
A form of this process in which water crosses a semipermeable membrane is called osmosis.
Diffusion
For 10 points, name this process, caused by molecular motion, that is a net flow of molecules from higher concentrations to lower concentrations.
Diffusion
For 10 points, name this movement of particles from regions of high to low concentration.
Diffusion
Euclid’s algorithm finds the largest number that satisfies this operation for two integers.
Division
This operation’s “synthetic” form is sometimes used to find factors of a polynomial.
Division
The modulo operation returns the remainder of, for 10 points, what operation that yields a quotient?
Division
The Sunzi algorithm uses rod arithmetic to perform this operation.
Division
In L’Hopital’s rule, after taking the limits of both functions, one must perform this operation.
Division
For 10 points, name this operation, the inverse of multiplication.
Division
This action either produces the rationals from the integers or yields a remainder, and you can’t do it with zero.
Division
For 10 points, name this molecule whose double helix structure, modeled by Watson and Crick, carries the genetic code.
DNA
This molecule is analyzed in a technique named after Frederick Sanger.
DNA
Short tandem repeats in this molecule are targeted by CRISPR/Cas9, allowing for its splicing.
DNA
For 10 points, name this double-stranded, hereditary molecule used to fingerprint individuals in forensics.
DNA
Circular dichroism is used to distinguish the Z conformation of this molecule from the B, which is right-handed and has a larger major groove.
DNA
This molecule naturally exists as a supercoil that must be unwound.
DNA
The 3D structure of this molecule was discovered using X-ray crystallography data collected by Rosalind Franklin.
DNA
Photo 51 is a photo of this compound that was taken using X-ray crystallography by Rosalind Franklin before Francis and Crick modeled this compound in 3D.
DNA
For 10 points, name this effect which causes the frequency of a source to change based on its relative velocity and is commonly encountered when passing emergency vehicles.
Doppler Effect
F equals c plus V-r over c plus V-s times F-naught is used to calculate the strength of this effect.
Doppler Effect
One form of this effect is used to determine the distance of galaxies.
Doppler Effect
Redshift is an example of, for 10 points, what effect where the motion of a wave source affects its frequency?
Doppler Effect
For 10 points, name this effect that is illustrated by the change in pitch of a siren as it passes by.
Doppler Effect
This effect in electromagnetic waves causes redshift or blueshift.
Doppler Effect
Its transverse form was used in the Ives-Stillwell experiment to measure the effect of time dilation on it.
Doppler Effect
A functional group containing one of these structures has a characteristic 2n hydrogens for every n carbons.
Double Bond
Diatomic oxygen contains one of these structures consisting of a sigma bond and a pi bond linking two sp 2 [“s-p-two”]-hybridized atoms.
Double Bond
For 10 points, name this kind of bond denoted by two parallel lines between atoms.
Double Bond
Raney nickel can remove these structures in the production of cyclohexane.
Double Bond
For 10 points, name this bond where two electron pairs are shared between two atoms.
Double Bond
These interactions involve one sigma bond and one pi bond.
Double Bond
Bredt’s Rule states that this interaction cannot be located at the bridgehead position of small bridged bicyclic molecules.
Double Bond
For 10 points, name these covalent bonds in which four electrons are shared.
Double Bond
People with this disease often have transverse creases on their hands or white spots on the outside of their irises.
Down’s Syndrome
For 10 points, name this disease, the trisomy of chromosome 21.
Down’s Syndrome
Since sufferers of this disease have increased production of a certain precursor protein, this disease causes early-in-life Alzheimer’s-like accumulation of Amyloid protein in neurons.
Down’s Syndrome
The familial form of this disease is caused by a translocation; more commonly, it is caused by a nondisjunction of the smallest chromosome.
Down’s Syndrome
This disorder results in discoloration of the iris known as Brushfield spots.
Down’s Syndrome
Like other diseases of its type, it can be caused by a Robertsonian translocation.
Down’s Syndrome
A flattened nose and face, as well as slanted eyes, are observed in, for 10 points, which genetic disorder that causes severe mental disability?
Down’s Syndrome
Symptoms of this disease include focal areas of stromal hyperplasia in the eyes known as Brushfield spots and having a single palmar crease.
Down’s Syndrome
This organism’s salivary glands contain massive polytene chromosomes.
Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly)
The embryos of this organism’s “tinman” mutant lack hearts, while its many other mutations include “clock,” “shaker,” and “white-eyed.”
Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly)
For 10 points, name this insect whose minimal needs and short generation time have made it a versatile model organism in biomedical research.
Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly)
Thomas Hunt Morgan’s studies of inheritance with these organisms’ white-protein mutations demonstrated the existence of sex-linked genes.
Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly)
Hox genes were first identified in this organism.
Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly)
For 10 points, name this model insect of the genus Drosophila [druh-SAW-fil-uh].
Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly)
Discovering the molecular basis for circadian rhythms in this organism earned Jeffrey Hall the 2017 Nobel Prize.
Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly)
In these organisms, zinc finger proteins are coded by Ken and Barbie genes.
Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly)
For 10 points, name this classification that describes stars smaller than “giants.”
Dwarf Stars
For 10 points, name this insect model organism of genetics whose common name reflects its love for sweet vegetation.
Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly)
These objects occupy the main sequence on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, and were originally classified by their their low luminosity.
Dwarf Stars
For 10 points, name this type of star, whose subclasses include “brown,” “white,” and “red.”
Dwarf Stars
This constant is used to define hyperbolic trig functions.
e (Euler’s Number)
The only function equal to its own derivative utilizes this constant.
e (Euler’s Number)
This number raised to the power of i times pi equals negative one.
e (Euler’s Number)
The base of the natural logarithm is, for 10 points, what constant approximately equal to 2.718?
e (Euler’s Number)
For 10 points, name this constant, the base of the natural exponential and logarithmic functions.
e (Euler’s Number)
The Taylor series for “this number to the x power” is an infinite sum, from zero, of “x to the n” over “n factorial” because the derivative of this number to the x power is still this number to the x power.
e (Euler’s Number)
The integral of 1/x [1 divided by x] from 1 to this number equals 1.
e (Euler’s Number)
This number is the base in the infinite sum that defines Jacobi’s theta function.
e (Euler’s Number)
The reciprocal of this value is the limiting probability in the hat-check problem
e (Euler’s Number)
The orientation and motion of these events are represented on so-called “beachball plots.”
Earthquakes
States like Oklahoma have seen an increased rate of liquefaction caused by these events from fluid injection used in fracking.
Earthquakes
These events’ strength is measured with the moment magnitude scale.
Earthquakes
For 10 points, what geologic events occur at faults and have their strength reported with the Richter scale?
Earthquakes
The Gutenberg–Richter law illustrates a logarithmic relationship between the strength of these events and the time between them.
Earthquakes
For 10 points, give this event that’s the result of sudden movement along plate boundaries.
Earthquakes
Tecumseh’s alliance against American encroachment was strengthened by a series of these events named for New Madrid, Missouri.
Earthquakes
For 10 points, what are these events, one of which crippled Lisbon’s impact on world trade in 1755.
Earthquakes
Elastic-rebound theory explains how energy is released during these events.
Earthquakes
Larvae of this phylum exhibit bilateral symmetry at birth but develop five-sided radial symmetry during maturation.
Echinodermata
For 10 points, name this phylum that contains sea cucumbers, starfish, and sea urchins.
Echinodermata
Crinoidea and Asteroidea are two classes of this phylum.
Echinodermata
Organisms in this phylum have tube feet that regulate their water vascular system.
Echinodermata
For 10 points, name this phylum containing sea urchins and sea stars that is named for its members’ spiny skin.
Echinodermata
A model organism in this phylum was instrumental in discovering the acrosomal reaction because of its clear eggs and is called A. punctulata.
Echinodermata
These non-chordate deuterostomes have bilateral symmetry as larvae but revert to radial symmetry as adults.
Echinodermata
That quantity named for this scientist approximately equals 1 over the age of the universe.
Edwin Powell Hubble
This scientist’s law states that farther-away objects in the universe move away faster.
Edwin Powell Hubble
An instrument named for James Webb replaced one named for this scientist, which took several “deep field” images.
Edwin Powell Hubble
For 10 points, name this American namesake of a space telescope.
Edwin Powell Hubble
The publishing of this man’s work on one measurement led Albert Einstein to call his own use of the cosmological constant his greatest mistake.
Edwin Powell Hubble
For 10 points, name this astronomer and namesake of a NASA telescope launched in 1990.
Edwin Powell Hubble
The strong 2013 typhoon season presaged one of these events that is still ongoing.
El Nino- Southern Oscillation
A diagram named for this man which classifies elliptical and spiral galaxies is known as his tuning fork diagram.
Edwin Powell Hubble
For 10 points, name this periodic warming of the Pacific Ocean that gets its Spanish name from its usual timing around Christmas.
El Nino- Southern Oscillation
Episodes of this cyclic event are indicated by increases of more than half a degree centigrade in sea surface temperature and series of Kelvin waves.
El Nino- Southern Oscillation
It typically begins with unusually warm ocean conditions along the west coast of South America and faltering of the trade winds.
El Nino- Southern Oscillation
This quantity is zero for a Majorana fermion.
Electric Charge
This event has devastating impacts on fishing, agriculture, and local weather in tropical areas and can result in climatic anomalies elsewhere.
El Nino- Southern Oscillation
Surface integrating the electric field gives this quantity.
Electric Charge
The change in this quantity due to friction is described by the triboelectric effect.
Electric Charge
The movement of this quantity is quantified by its time derivative, current.
Electric Charge
Condensers and Leyden jars were used to store this quantity.
Electric Charge
For 10 points, name this quantity, symbolized q and measured in Coulombs, which is negative for an electron.
Electric Charge
For an atom, this quantity equals the number of protons minus the number of electrons, and is nonzero for ions.
Electric Charge
For 10 points, what quantity is zero for a neutral atom?
Electric Charge
The electric flux through a closed surface is equal to the amount of this quantity enclosed according to Gauss’s law.
Electric Charge
The difference in this property determines whether a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar.
Electronegativity
This property increases to the right and up on the periodic table, culminating with fluorine, which measures a 4.0 on the Pauling scale of this property.
Electronegativity
For 10 points, name this property, the ability of an element to attract electrons in a bond.
Electronegativity
The Mulliken and Pauling scales measure this property.
Electronegativity
Fluorine has the highest value of, for 10 points, what quantity that describes an atom’s ability to attract electrons.
Electronegativity
Atoms with different values of this quantity form polar covalent bonds.
Electronegativity
This quantity is set equal to the arithmetic mean of ionization energy and electron affinity in a scale devised by Robert Mullikan.
Electronegativity
Electronegativity
