Foundations Of Western Civilization Flashcards
What is monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy and democracy?
Monarchy- king rules a government
Aristocracy- government ruled by small group of noble, landowning families
Oligarchy- ruled by a few powerful people
Democracy- rule by the people
What two groups inhabited Greece?
Mycenaeans, Dorians
What was the Trojan War?
Between Mycenians and Troy; Trojan prince had kidnapped Helen, the beautiful wife of the Greek king; After war, Mycenian civilization collapsed
What type of government did Athens want to build?
Athenian reformers moved toward democracy; citizens participated in political decision making
What three people helped Athens become a democracy?
Draco- developed a legal code based on the idea that all Athenians are equal under the law; death was a punishment for every crime
Solon- no citizen should own another citizen; outlawed slavery; social class according to wealth
Cleisthenes- broke up power of nobility , increased power of assembly, allowed citizens to participate in limited democracy
Describe children in Athens….
boys would learn logic and public speaking and eventually go to military school, goal was to defend Athens
Girl- become good wives/ house keepers
what was the Sparta and government society?
There was the assembly, Council of Elders, Five elected officials, two kings ruled over Spartas military forces
Citizens, noncitizens, and helots
What did Spartans value?
Their army, duty over beauty
What were the Persian wars?
Between Greece and the Persian Empire, Persians wanted to take over Athens, Daruis the great wanted revenge for revolt, defeated, Xerves tried to crush Athens, underestimed Greece, Delian League formed, prevented further attacks
Who was the head of the Delian league?
Athens
What was the peloponnesian war?
War in 431 B.C between Sparta and Athens; Sparta had a good army Athens had a good navy; plague struck killing Pericles; signed a treaty but it didn’t last; Athenians were defeated
Who were philosophers
Lovers of wisdom, seeked the truth, based on the universe and that people can understand these laws through logic and reason
Who is Aristotle?
Questioned the nature of the world and the human belief, thought and knowledge; his work provides basis for scientific method
Who was Philip II
Was the king of Macedonia, dreamed of taking over Greece in 359 B.C; he took control Greek city-states; his son was Alexander the Great; he son conquered Persian empire
What form of government did Rome establish after they drove out the king?
A republic- form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders
