Foundations of the Atlantic World

Question 1

What is Mercantilism ?

Answer 1

Economic theory where a Nation’s power relies on the amount of gold and silver it holds.

Question 2

What is the Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 2

where a new line cut across the Eastern bulge of the south American Continent but left the rest of the America’s to Spain

Question 3

Treaty of Zaragoza?

Answer 3

Divided the Pacific Ocean between Spain and Portugal, the Maluku Islands were awarded to Portugal understanding the if Spain wished to claim it, it would need to compensate Portugal

Question 4

Columbian Exchange?

Answer 4

Where physical products, cultural traditions, religious practices and enslaved people were traded and reshaped, blended or destroyed civilizations.

Question 5

The 1479 Treaty of Alcacovas?

Answer 5

Where Portugal renounced claim to the Spanish and granted Spanish control of the Canary Islands, in exchange Portugal got the coast of Guinea in Africa and all the islands in the Atlantic south of the canaries

Question 6

What characteristics of Portugal made it an ideal place for shipping?

Answer 6

It’s caves, and natural harbors

Question 7

Where did the magnetic Compass come from when it first arrived to Europe in the 15th century?

Answer 7

China

Question 8

What was the ancient Greek astrolabe for?

Answer 8

Directional guidance, and used constellations as a guide

Question 9

Where did the astrolabe originate from?

Answer 9

Middle East

Question 10

The sternpost rudder that allowed for steering against currents, originated in?

Answer 10

China in the 13th century

Question 11

The square European sail gave ships __________ but the lateen sail increased the ability to _______________.

Answer 11

Power
Maneuver

Question 12

1558 Act of Supremacy

Answer 12

Declared the Church of England separate from the Roman Catholic Church

Question 13

1559 Act of Uniformity

Answer 13

Brought back the “Book of Common Prayer” as the only legal form of worship in England

Question 14

Edict of Nantes of 1598

Answer 14

Established Catholicism as the official religion of France but also granted Huguenots the right to worship as they choose

Question 15

Thirty Years War (1618-1648)

Answer 15

Was between Catholics and Protestant states and raged in the Italy Roman Empire, where German Lutherans fought one another

Question 16

What was the root cause of the Thirty Years War?

Answer 16

Religious disagreements, political alliances or rivalries, and the struggle for power in Europe

Question 17

When can the first contact between European explorers and indigenous people in the Northern American Continent be dated back to?

Answer 17

500 years before Christopher Columbus did so

Question 18

When did Europe experience it’s navigational revolution?

Answer 18

15th century

Question 19

When di Arab sailors first create the Lateen sail?

Answer 19

First Millennium CE

Question 20

What is a lateen sail?

Answer 20

Triangular sail that allowed ships to travel against the wind

Question 21

Who founded the Society of Jesus?

Answer 21

Spanish Noble, Ignatius of Loyola

Question 22

What was the Society of Jesus?

Answer 22

Religous order within the Catholic Church, where they were in charge of :
1] Chiefly Education of young Catholic men
2] Conversions of non christians
3] Acting as advisors of Catholic rulers in Europe

Question 23

1545 Council of Trent

Answer 23

Where Europe’s bishops and other clerics affirmed that both good works and faith were required for salvation and that both scripture and tradition were acceptable forms of authority

Question 24

What was the counter reformation?

Answer 24

Catholic church’s efforts to address Luther’s challenges as well as to effect other necessary reforms

Question 25

Who were Antibaptists?

Answer 25

People who advocated for the separation of church and state, who were pacificists, refused to hold public office

Question 26

Baptism was believed to…

Answer 26

remove the taint of original sin

Question 27

What did the Antibaptist church reject?

Answer 27

Infant baptism and favored adult baptism

Question 28

When were the Antibaptist church’s established?

Answer 28

16th century, mainly in central Europe and low countries

Question 29

Who was Ulrich (Huldrych) Zwingli?

Answer 29

A priest who called for radical changes

Question 30

What kind of changes did Ulrich Zwingli call for?

Answer 30

Rejection of Catholic tenant or transubstantiation which held Jesus was physically present during communion

Question 31

Why were protestants accepted by rulers?

Answer 31

It provided a reason to reject the popes authority

Question 32

What is the Ninety-Five-Thesis?

Answer 32

Arguments explaining why the sale of indulgences was wrong

Question 33

Who wrote the Ninety-Five-Thesis?

Answer 33

Martin Luther

Question 34

What were indulgences

Answer 34

a way to reduce or cancel the time after death during which people need to suffer in purgatory to atone for their sins before reaching heaven

Question 35

Why were indulgences thought to be good work?

Answer 35

All the money went to the church

Question 36

Christian Humanism

Answer 36

Stressed the study of the works of Greece and Rome together with the early teachings of early Christian fathers to improve the state of the human soul

Question 37

What was the goal of Christian Humanism?

Answer 37

Awaken the inner sense of piety

Question 38

When did the protestant reformation begin?

Answer 38

1517