Foundations of Research 2 Flashcards
Which is a specific statement of prediction that usually states what you expect will happen in your study, the no hypothesis or the alternative hypothesis?
The alternative hypothesis
Where is the rejection region, left or right?
H0: m <= 50
Right
Where is the rejection region, left or right?
H0: m >= 50
Left
What is the unit of analysis?
The major entity that you are analyzing in your study:
- individuals
- groups
- artifacts
- geographical units
- etc
What is hierarchical modeling?
The incorporation of multiple units of analysis at different levels of hierarchy within a single analytic model
What is a fallacy in research?
A fallacy is an error in reasoning, usually based on mistaken assumptions
Which are the types of fallacies?
- The ecological fallacy occurs when you make conclusions about individuals based only on analysis of group data
- an exception fallacy occurs when you reach a group conclusion on the basis of exceptional cases
Give an example of an ecology fallacy and an exception fallacy
- Ecology fallacy: all Hispanics are good at dance
- exception fallacy: your girlfriend drives badly so all women drive badly
What is an analogy of the structure of research?
An hourglass:
begin with broad questions, narrowed down, focus in, operationalize, observe, analyze data, reach conclusions, generalize back to questions
What is deductive reasoning?
A top-down reasoning that works from the more general to the more specific
What is inductive reasoning?
Bottom-up reasoning that begins with specific observations and measures and ends up as general conclusion or theory
