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Drugs Online > Foundations of Pharmacology > Flashcards

Foundations of Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma concentration of a drug is influenced by…..

A

Drug absorption and Drug excretion

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2
Q

Drugs are given by intravenous injection because they….

A

Have 100% bioavailability

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3
Q

The process of a drug moving from the site of administration to the blood stream is called……

A

Absorption

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4
Q

If the half-life of drug X is 4 hours and he initial concentration is 100mg/mL what will the concentration be at 6 hours?

A

37.5mg/mL

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5
Q

The study of drugs in humans is known as…..

A

Clinical pharmacology

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6
Q

A fall in a clients serum albumin will result in the….

A

Unbound drug increasing

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7
Q

A drug that binds to a receptor and stimulates it leading to a response is called……

A

Agonists

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8
Q

A drug may cause

everything except…..

A 
Completely change the 
           function of a cell
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9
Q

A side effect o a drug is…

A

A secondary drug response,
not the primary reason for
giving that drug

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10
Q

The intensity of the response to a drug is determined predominantly by the…

A

Concentration of a drug at its site of action

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11
Q

Targets for drug action include….

A

Enzymes, ion channels and receptors

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12
Q

Most drugs are metabolized by which organs……

A

Liver - biochemical transformation is the role of the liver, the kidneys major role is excretion of wastes of metabolism, drugs do not get absorbed by the pancreas, it sends out substances (enzymes and hormone to work elsewhere. The stomach has a small amount t of absorption but is not a major site of drug metabolism

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13
Q

Drug metabolism is not affected by which….

A

Skin colour

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14
Q

The rationale behind the use of sustained-release capsules is to…..

A

Provide a gradual but continuous release of the drug

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15
Q

An aspirin may be enteric-coated to…

A

Prevent irritation to the gastric mucosa

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16
Q

Parenteral drug administration elicits a fast response, what is an example of parenteral administration

A

Intramuscular injection

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17
Q

An oral form of medication where the drug enters circulation prior to being processed by the liver….

A

Sublingual wafer`

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18
Q

An oral form of medication where the drug enters circulation prior to being processed by the liver….

A

Sublingual wafer

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19
Q

Drugs given directly into fatty layers beneath the skin are known as

A

Subcutaneous injections

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20
Q

Ventolin is administered to treat asthma, the drug can be administered via a puffer or aerosol spray. The drug is best given this way because….

A

To minimize undesired systemic effects

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21
Q

The route most commonly used to administer a drug is….

A

Oral

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22
Q

An ideal drug should be all - except:

A

Expensive

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23
Q

The MOST important characteristics of a drug are….

A

Effectiveness, safety and selectivity

24
Q

Metabolism and excretion are processes involved in drug elimination…. True or False

A

True

25
Q

Virtually every tissue in the body is capable of drug biotransformation (drug metabolism)…. True or False..

A

True

26
Q

Elderly individuals tend to be less sensitive to drug response…. True or False

A

False

27
Q

The kidney excrete most metabolites of drugs from the body.. True or False…

A

True

28
Q

Drug metabolism results in the formation of a less water-soluble compound… True or false..

A

False

29
Q

When a drug exerts an effect it does so by initiating new functions within a tissue or organ… True or false

A

False

30
Q

Pharmacology can be defined as…

A

The study of drugs and their interactions with living systems

31
Q

Clinical pharmacology is defined as….

A

The study of drugs in humans

32
Q

Therapeutics can be defined as….

A

The medical use of drugs

33
Q

A drug is defined as…..

A

Any chemical that can affect living processes

34
Q

Drugs are molecules with specific properties that can alter the functions of the bodys…. True or False…

A

True

35
Q

Drug nomenclature is a system used to classify drugs…. True or False…

A

True

36
Q

What does pharmacokinetics mean?

A

The movement of drugs inside the body

37
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

It is the mechanism whereby the drugs exert their effect on the body

38
Q

Pharmacokinetics encompasses the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs….
True or False?

A

True

39
Q

Pharmacokinetics determines the concentration of drugs in the body as well as time, course, magnitude of their actions…
True or False?

A

True

40
Q

Distribution is?

A

Movement of drug from the blood into the cells

41
Q

Metabolism is?

A

Alteration of drug structure mediated by enzymes. This takes place mainly in the the liver.

42
Q

Excretion is?

A

Movement of the drug and metabolites out of the body. The main organ for drug excretion is via the kidneys. other routes of drug excretion include via breast milk, bile, saliva, sweat and lungs.

43
Q

A drug that stimulates and mimics the effects of natural substances in the body are called?

A

Agonists

44
Q

A drug that inhibits or blocks receptor activity. (Can be reversible, competitive or irreversible)

A

Antagonist

45
Q

A drug mediated response will be more intense if?

A

More receptors are occupied by the drug

46
Q

The intensity of the response to a drug is determined predominantly by?

A

Concentration of a drug at its sites of actions

47
Q

The dosing interval of a drug will be effected by what?

A

Half-life

48
Q

Drug excretion may occur at all sites except…

A

hair

49
Q

The rate of drug absorption is influenced by all but what?

A

Body weight of the individual

50
Q

The site of dispersal of an enteric coated tablet is?

A

In` the small intestines

51
Q

Parenteral drug administration elicits a fast response what is an example of parenteral administration?

A

Intramuscular Injection

52
Q

When a drug has a high selectivity it is likely to have/be?

A

Less adverse effects

53
Q

The route used to administer suppositories is usually?

A

Rectally

54
Q

The prolonged exposure to agonists often results in receptor:

A

Down regulation

55
Q

Drugs with a high therapeutic index are relatively safe agents
True or False?

A

True

56
Q

Adverse drug reactions are always unpredicted effects

True or False?

A

False

57
Q

Adverse drug reactions may be genetically predisposed

True or False?

A

True

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