Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESL Chinese > Foundations Of Linguistics > Flashcards

Foundations Of Linguistics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Chinese (Mandarin) flashcards
1
Q

Phonetics

A

语音学 is the study of the production of sounds in speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phonology

A

音韵学 the sounds and patterns of particular languages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intonation

A

语调 the way the voice rises and falls in speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stress

A

重音 emphasis placed on syllables or words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Morpheme

A

词素 the smallest unit of meaning in a language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Morphology

A

词法 the study of how morphemes are combined to make words. Is the study of word forms and their component parts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Syntax

A

句法 examines how words are constructed into phrases or sentences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Semantics

A

语义 the study of meaning in language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Voiced

A

重音 sounds are made by vibrating the vocal chords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Voiceless

A

清音 sounds are made without vibrating the vocal chords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Place of articulation

A

发音部位

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Libial

A

唇音

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nasalization

A

鼻音

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aspiration

A

送气音

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Assimilation

A

同化 occurs when a speech sound changes due to the influence of nearby sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diphthong

A

双元音

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Consonant clusters

A

辅音簇 group of two or more consonants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epenthesis

A

插入语 inserting an additional sound in the middle of a word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Voicing

A

浊化 occurs when a voiceless consonant changes to a voiced consonant because of nearby sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Elision

A

省略 occurs when sounds are omitted from the pronunciation of a word,makes the words easier to use in everyday speech. Mac and cheese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Metathesis

A

复分解 occurs when sounds are rearranged in a word, as when iron is pronounced iern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bound morpheme

A

Must be attached to a word to have meaning. Such as er in player.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Free morpheme

A

Can stand on its own. Like play in player.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Stem/root

A

Is a base word, often a free morpheme, to which other morphemes can be added.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Affix

A

Is a bond morpheme that can be added to a root word to change its meaning, grammatical function, tense, case, or gender.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Inflection morphemes

A

屈折词素 are bound morphemes that don’t greatly alter the meaning or part of speech of a word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Derivational morphemes

A

派生词素 crest a word that has a new meaning or part of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Syntax

A

句法 how words are arranged into phrases and sentences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Semantics

A

语义 the study of meaning in language, looks at how words are put together to creat meaning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Connotation

A

内涵 is the emotional association of a word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Denotation

A

意义 is a word’s actual dictionary definition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Interference/ Negative transfer

A

Occurs when language learners incorrectly apply the rules of their native language to the rules of the language they are learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Pragmatics

A

语用学 the context of the situation and the relationship between speaker and listener lend additional, significant meaning to the words and phrases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Sociolinguistic

A

社会语言学 the study of language and its relation to society and culture, is significant because of its influence on language policy

35
Q

Language policy

A

Is the set of actions a government takes to regulate what language(s) is/are spoken in the given country

36
Q

Pidgin

A

When people of two or more languages groups need to communicate, they might develop a pidgin language, a grammatically simplified mode of communicating that uses elements of both languages.

37
Q

Linguistic competence

A

Refers to one’s knowledge of the linguistic components of a language such as morphology, syntax, and semantics

38
Q

Sociolinguistic competence

A

Using language in a socially appropriate way and understanding register: degrees of formality, differences in sitting, consideration of context and so on.

39
Q

Strategic competence

A

Deals with recognizing and repairing communication breakdowns

40
Q

Basic interpersonal communication skills(BICS)

A

Are social skills students use in everyday life

41
Q

Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP )

A

Language needed for academic work and study

42
Q

Proper noun

A

专有名词 is the name of a specific person, place, or thing.

43
Q

Improper noun

A

非专有名词 is a general person, place, thing,or idea such as writer, lake,dock, or fear.

44
Q

Compound noun

A

A noun formed from more than one word is a compound noun

45
Q

Pronouns

A

代词

46
Q

Antecedent

A

先行词

47
Q

subject pronouns

A

主格代词 I, you, he, she, it, we, they

48
Q

Object pronouns

A

宾格代词 me,you, him, her, it, us, them

49
Q

Possessive pronouns

A

所有格代词 mine, yours, his, hers, it’s, ours, theirs

50
Q

Relative pronouns

A

关系代词 who, whom, which, that, whose

51
Q

Interrogative pronouns

A

疑问代词 who, whom,what, where, when, which, why, how

52
Q

Demonstrative pronouns

A

指示代词 this, these, those, that

53
Q

Indefinite pronouns

A

不定代词

54
Q

Helping verbs

A

助动词 are used to indicate tense

55
Q

Conjugation

A

The process of changing the spelling of a verb and / or adding helping verbs.
Tense, person( first, second, third)
Number ( singular or plural)

56
Q

Infinitive

A

不定式

57
Q

regular verbs

A

规则动词

58
Q

Irregular verbs

A

不规则动词

59
Q

active voice

A

主动语态 Alexis played tennis

60
Q

Passive voice

A

被动语态 tennis was played

61
Q

Transitive verbs

A

及物动词 require a direct object

62
Q

Intransitive verbs

A

不及物动词 don’t require a direct object

63
Q

Preposition

A

介词

64
Q

conjunctions

A

连词 are short words that connect words, phrases, or sentences.

65
Q

Coordinating conjunctions

A

并列连词 and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet
Two independent clauses can be joined with a comma plus a conjunction as in We ate juicy apples, and we peeled a dozen oranges.

66
Q

Correlative conjunctions

A

相关连词 whether/or, either/or, both/and,not only/ but also

67
Q

Subordinating conjunctions

A

从属连词 join dependent clause( typically adverbial clauses) to the independent clauses to which they are related. ( Because we love pizza, we treat ourselves during football season to serve orders. )

68
Q

Interjections

A

感叹词

69
Q

Determiners

A

限定词 a, an, the

70
Q

Indefinite articles

A

不定冠词 A, an

71
Q

-es in their plural form

A

S,x, z, ch, sh

72
Q

Count nouns

A

可数名词

73
Q

noncount

A

不可数名词

74
Q

gerunds

A

动名词 are nouns that are formed by adding-ing to verb ( fishing)

75
Q

Predicate

A

谓语

76
Q

prepositional phrase

A

介词短语 begin with a preposition and ends with an object of the preposition

77
Q

Verb phrase

A

Is composed of the main verb along with its helping verbs
The chef would have created another dish.

78
Q

Noun phrase

A

Consists of a noun and it’s modifier
The big, red barn rests beside the vacant chicken house

79
Q

Simple sentence

A

Will have only one independent clause and no dependent clause.

80
Q

Compound sentence

A

复合句 Has two or more independent clauses and no dependent clauses

81
Q

complex sentence

A

Has only one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses

82
Q

Compound-complex sentences

A

Has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

83
Q

Apostrophes

A

撇号 are used to show possession

84
Q

Quotation mark

A

引号

ESL Chinese (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions