Foundations Of Linguistics

Question 1

What is the scientific study of languages?

Answer 1

Linguistics

Question 2

ESOL teachers need?

Answer 2

A basic understanding of linguistic theory and its cultural implications to understand how students aquire language

Question 3

Phonetics is the study of?

Answer 3

The production of sounds in speech

Question 4

Phonology …?

Answer 4

Looks at the sounds and patterns of particular languages.

Question 5

Intonation…?

Answer 5

Is the way a voice rises and falls in speech

Question 6

Stress is..?

Answer 6

Is emphasis places on syllables or words

Question 7

Morpheme is?

Answer 7

The smallest unit of meaning in a language

Question 8

The study of how morphemes are combined

Answer 8

To make words is called morphology

Question 9

Syntax eamines how words are

Answer 9

Constructed into phrases or sentences

Question 10

Semantics is..

Answer 10

The study of meaning in language

Question 11

In order to study and explain how humans produce sounds , linguists have developed?

Answer 11

A system of transcription, a way to visually represent sounds/ example International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

Question 12

ESOL teachers need to have?

Answer 12

An understanding of the transcriptions for the sounds used in American English

Question 13

To help ESOL students improve their pronunciation it is important to understand..

Answer 13

The concepts of voiced or voiceless

Question 14

Voice sounds are

Answer 14

Made by vibrating the vocal chords

Question 15

Voiceless sounds are made

Answer 15

Without vibrating the vocal chords

Question 16

The P and b sounds are made at

Answer 16

The same place of articulation

Question 17

But the b sound is voiced while

Answer 17

The p sound is not

Question 18

One can determine whether a consonant is voiced or voiceless by

Answer 18

Putting a hand to his or her throat while making the sound

Question 19

If voiced fhe throat will

Answer 19

Vibrate

Question 20

Ithe s sound is voiceless but the z sound. Is voiced it .

Answer 20

Should make the throat vibrate

Question 21

Place of articulation is the point where

Answer 21

Two speech organs come together to make a sound.

Question 22

An example is top and bototm lips coming together to produce

Answer 22

The labial consonant sound of the letter m

Question 23

Nasalization in which air comes through the nose when making

Answer 23

A sound such as n

Question 24

Aspiration is a sound made with a burst of air out of the mouth as in the

Answer 24

h in hope

Question 25

Assimilation occurs when a speech sound changes due

Answer 25

To the influence of nearby sounds

Question 26

A diphthong is the sound made when one vowel blends into another vowel sound in one syllable

Answer 26

Like the ou sound in loud

Question 27

Consonant clusters, groups of two or more consonants, as pl in place nt, in bent ,and sp in whisper

Answer 27

Pose a similar challenge

Question 28

Epenthesis is inserting an additional sound in the middle of the word like

Answer 28

Puh-lace for place

Question 29

For example voicing occurs when a voiceless consonant changes to a voiced consonant because of nearby sounds

Answer 29

The f in reefs is unvoiced so the s sound is also unvoiced. However the v in leaves is voiced so the s is also voiced.

Question 30

Elision occurs when sounds are omitted from the pronunciation of a word because

Answer 30

It usually makes it easier to use it in everyday speech. Example mac and cheese becomes ma n cheese

Question 31

Metathesis occurs when sounds are re-arranged in a word. Like

Answer 31

When iron is pronounced iern

Question 32

Intonation is realted to pitch

Answer 32

Pitch as in the way an English speaker’s voice rises at the end of a question

Question 33

Stress can be seen as more rhythmic:

Answer 33

Stressed syllables or words are louder and longer than unstressed syllables

Question 34

Vowel reduction is the shortening of a vowel sounds

Answer 34

This occurs with many unstressed vowels in English

Question 35

The most common example of vowel reduction is the

Answer 35

Schwa sound as in as in. A, as in hundred, again, amazing

Question 36

Native english speakers find that intonation and stress come

Answer 36

Naturally to them. English learners may not hear these things as easily

Question 37

Morphology is the study of word forms and

Answer 37

Their component parts.

Question 38

A word is considerd the smallest unit of language that can

Answer 38

Stand on its own

Question 39

Morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in language.

Answer 39

An example is the word player. Play is a word thsf can stand on its own. Two morphemes in player

Question 40

Morphology breaks down into morpheme types.

Answer 40

A bound morpheme ( er) in player and free morpheme like play in player

Question 41

Inflection morphemes can serve to make a word plural

Answer 41

Girl and girls

Question 42

Derivational morphemes change

Answer 42

A words meaning (run/rerun) or its part of speech (drink/drinkabable)

Question 43

A stem/root is a base word, often a free morpheme

Answer 43

To which other morphemes can be added.

Question 44

An affix( either a prefix or suffix) is a bound morpheme that can be added to a root word to change

Answer 44

Its meaning, grammatical function, tense, case, or gender.

Question 45

Inflection morphemes are bound morphemes that do not greatly

Answer 45

Alter the meaning or the part of speech of a word, whereas derivational morphemes create a word that has a new meaning or part of speech

Question 46

Derivational morphemes create a word that has

Answer 46

A new meaning or part of speech

Question 47

Syntax examines how words are

Answer 47

Arranged into phrases and sentences

Question 48

Transformational

Grammar turned the focus away from semiotics and meaning

Answer 48

Toward the system of rules that proper encompasses sentence construction.

Question 49

Semantics, or the study of meaning in language looks at how

Answer 49

Words are put together to create meaning.

Question 50

Connotation is the emotional association of a word

Answer 50

While denotation is a word’s actual dictionary definition.

Question 51

An idiom is a group of words whose meaning cannot be deduced from the meaning of the individual words in the group;

Answer 51

Put together, the word take on a new meaning

Question 52

To master a language a non-native speaker must learn much more then the basic rules of grammar:

Answer 52

Indeed, they must have an understanding of the significant relationship between culture and language

Question 53

In pragmatics, study focuses on utterances, speech acts of one of more words

Answer 53

That contain a single idea and are surrounded on both sides by silence

Question 54

Sociolinguistics, the study of language and its relation to society and culture,

Answer 54

Is significant because of its influence on language policy.

Question 55

Language policy is the set of actions a government takes to regulate what language is/are spoken

Answer 55

In a given country

Question 56

Regional and social dialects are language variations that are common to the people

Answer 56

In a certain region or social group

Question 57

A pidgin language,

Answer 57

A grammatically simplified mode of communication that uses elements if botj languages( ex. Gullah)