Foundations Of Exercise Science

Question 1

Major muscle: Quadriceps

What is the isolated function and common exercise?

Answer 1

IF: Concentrically accelerates knee extension

CE: Squat

Question 2

Major muscle: Hamstrings

What is the isolated function and common exercise?

Answer 2

IF: Concentrically accelerates knee flexion

CE: Hamstrings curl

Question 3

Major muscle: Gastronomic

What is the isolated function and common exercise?

Answer 3

IF: Concentrically accelerates plantar flexion

CE: Calf raise

Question 4

Major muscle: Gluteus Maximus

What is the isolated function and common exercise?

Answer 4

IF: Concentrically accelerates hip extension. and external rotation

CE: Lunge on the upward motion

Question 5

Major muscle: Rectus abdominis

What is the isolated function and common exercise?

Answer 5

IF: Concentrically accelerates spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation

CE: Ball crunch

Question 6

Major muscle: Pectoralis Major

What is the isolated function and common exercise?

Answer 6

IF: Concentrically accelerates shoulder flexion, and horizontal adduction

CE: Push up

Question 7

Major muscle: Latissimus Dorsi

What is the isolated function and common exercise?

Answer 7

IF: Concentrically aacelerates shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation

CE: band row

Question 8

Major muscle: Biceps

What is the isolated function and common exercise?

Answer 8

IF: Concentrically accelerates elbow flexion

CE: Biceps curl

Question 9

Major muscle: Triceps

What is the isolated function and common exercise?

Answer 9

IF: Concentrically accelerates elbow extension

CE: Triceps extension

Question 10

Concentric Activation

Answer 10

means a muscle is producing tension as it shortens to overcome an external resistance

Question 11

Isometric activation

Answer 11

when a muscle is producing tension while it maintains the same length

Question 12

Eccentric activation

Answer 12

when a muscle is producing tension while lengthening in order to resist or control an external force

Question 13

Central Nervous System

Answer 13

brain and spinal cord; coordinates activity of body parts

Question 14

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 14

all nerves branching off spinal cord, extending out to the body

Question 15

mechanoreceptors

Answer 15

sense distortion in body tissues

Question 16

Golgi Tendon Organs

Answer 16

sense changes in tension

Question 17

Muscle Spindles

Answer 17

sense changes in length

Question 18

proprioception

Answer 18

cumulative sensory input to the CNS from all mechanoreceptors

Question 19

tendons

Answer 19

connect muscle to bone; anchor and produce force; limited blood flow, slow to repair

Question 20

sarcomeres

Answer 20

individual contractile units; actin and myosin filaments

Question 21

Type 1 muscle tissue

Answer 21

slow twitch; more aerobic; slower to reach maximal contraction; resistant to fatigue

Question 22

Type 2 muscle tissue

Answer 22

fast twitch; more anaerobic; produce more speed and strength; faster to fatigue

Question 23

what are the behavioral properties of muscle

Answer 23

extensibility, elasticity, irritability, ability to develop tension

Question 24

ligaments

Answer 24

connect bone to bone; limited blood flow, slow to repair

Question 25

axial skeleton

Answer 25

skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Question 26

appendicular skeleton

Answer 26

bones of upper and lower extremities

Question 27

skeletal system functions

Answer 27

movement supports protection, blood production, mineral storage

Question 28

kinetic chain

Answer 28

interrelation of nervous , muscular, and skeletal systems to create movement

Question 29

Vertebrae of the Spinal Column

Answer 29

Cervical- 7
Thoracic-12
Lumbar-5

Question 30

Atria of the heart

Right versus left atrium

Answer 30

• superior chambers; receive blood from outside heart

- the right atrium gathers deoxygenated blood from the body and the left gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 31

Ventricles

Right versus left ventricle

Answer 31

ventricles are inferior chambers; force blood out out of the heart.
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the right pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Question 32

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 32

located in right atrium; receives signal to contract; pacemaker for the heart

Question 33

Difference between veins and arteries

Answer 33

arteries transport blood away from the heart while veins transport blood back to the heart

Question 34

stroke volume

Answer 34

amount of blood pumped with each contraction

Question 35

what are the functions of blood?

Answer 35

transportation, regulation, and protection

Question 36

respiratory pump

Answer 36

components that move air in and out of the body

Question 37

What are the anatomic locations of the body?

Answer 37

anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, proximal, distal, medial, lateral

Question 38

What is the sagittal plane? What types of movement happen in the sagittal plane?

Answer 38

• divides body into left and right halves; forward-backward movement.

Question 39

What is the difference?
Flexion vs. extension
plantar flexion vs. dorsiflexion

Answer 39

flexion- bending of joints; decreases relative angle
extension- straightening of joints; increases angle
planar flexion-ankle extension
dorsiflexion- ankle flexion

Question 40

what are some examples of sagittal plane exercises?

Answer 40

biceps curl, squat, running

Question 41

what are some examples of front plane exercises?

Answer 41

lateral arm raise, side lunge, side shuffle

Question 42

what are some examples of transverse plane exercises?

Answer 42

trunk rotation, bicycle crunches, lunge with rotation