Foundations of Education Exam 1 - educational philosophies/educators

Question 1

Born in Republic of Geneva (Switzerland) this philosopher is best known for his book, Emile (eng: On Education). He emphasized the importance of natural development and child-centered learning, suggesting education should follow the child’s natural curiosity and interests.

Answer 1

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 2

Which educational philosophy advocates the need to train students for a wider variety of skills and jobs required in post industrial age society?

Answer 2

Progressivism

Question 3

John Locke is best known for using the Latin term _____ to describe the belief that a child’s mind is a blank slate at birth and knowledge is determined by a child’s experiences.

Answer 3

tabla rasa

Question 4

What is the primary educational goal of perennialism?

Answer 4

Acquire basic knowledge and intellect that form the foundation of a civilized society

Question 5

Born into slavery and later freed, this influential educator knew firsthand the difference an education can make in a person’s life. As a young man, he was appointed to head the Tuskegee Institute, now called Tuskegee University, which was initially a teacher’s training college for African Americans. He believed education was the African-American community’s best chance for social equality and a better future.

Answer 5

Booker T. Washington

Question 6

Which philosophy advocates that students should master a set body of information for their grade level before they are promoted to the next higher grade?

Answer 6

Essentialism

Question 7

Perrenialism

Answer 7

Acquire basic knowledge and intellect that forms the foundation of a civilized society

Question 8

Existentialism

Answer 8

Development of the whole individual, including their values, beliefs, and personal experiences.

Question 9

Progressivism

Answer 9

Develop problem-solving, decision-making, and other life skills.

Question 10

Essentialism

Answer 10

Acquire the basic skills needed to function in today’s world

Question 11

Social Reconstructionism

Answer 11

Focuses on social reform and creating a better world through education

Question 12

His years of experience as the President of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) led him to advocate for a new kind of public school, charter schools. Publicly funded but independently managed, these schools would be given a charter to try fresh approaches for a set period, to be renewed only if they succeeded. He later turned against the charter school idea when he realized that for-profit organizations saw it as a business opportunity to advance school privatization.

Answer 12

Albert Shanker

Question 13

What is the learning environment in progressivism?

Answer 13

Safe for risk-taking; Interesting; Stimulating; Democratic principles

Question 14

What is the learning environment for social reconstructionism?

Answer 14

Democratic approach; Community building; Choices

Question 15

What is the learning environment for existentialism?

Answer 15

Self-discovery; Democratic approaches; Negotiation of rules

Question 16

What is the learning environment for Perrenialism?

Answer 16

Teacher control; Traditional discipline

Question 17

What is the learning environment for essentialism?

Answer 17

Rules paramount; Serious; Teacher controlled

Question 18

Which philosophy advocates that students should learn by doing in order to develop problem-solving, decision-making, and other life skills?

Answer 18

Progressivism

Question 19

You might have watched a video or taken a course on his free online non-profit educational platform. He has produced over 6,500 video lessons teaching a broad spectrum of academic subjects, initially focusing on mathematics and science. His digital platform is the world’s largest, containing lectures and personalized learning exercises.

Answer 19

Salman Kahn

Question 20

This influential educator believed learning was more than just of function of the brain (head). He also believed a student must educate the body (hand) and heart.

Answer 20

Johann Pestalozzi

Question 21

Dr. Johnson’s favorite educator. You could say he is responsible for ‘little’ learners, recess, and toy stores

Answer 21

Friedrich Frobel

Question 22

The following quotation from William Bagley best represents which educational philosophy?
“(we) hope that when students leave school, they will possess not only basic skills and an extensive body of knowledge, but also disciplined, practical minds, capable of applying schoolhouse lessons in the real world.

Answer 22

Essentialism

Question 23

Which philosophy advocates that students should be “change agents,” exploring issues of inequality in society in order to figure out ways to address them.

Answer 23

Social Reconstructionism

Question 24

This classroom is holding a Socratic Seminar, a key teaching strategy in which educational philosopy?

Answer 24

Perrenialism

Question 25

Which philosophies involve direct instruction?

Answer 25

Essentialism and Perrenialism

Question 26

Which philosophies involve Project/problem based learning?

Answer 26

Social reconstructionism, Existentialism, Progressivism

Question 27

Considered as the founder of the ‘special education’ movement, she believed that children with developmental delay problems need a different approach to education

Answer 27

Margaret Bancroft

Question 28

Match the educator with their ‘claim to fame.
-Arguably the most influential educational thinker of the twentieth century. Learning by doing

Answer 28

John Dewey

Question 29

Claim to fame:

Pioneered the concept of the kindergarten system

Answer 29

Friedrich Forbel

Question 30

Claim to fame:
Created a series of books for elementary school students. It was published in over 120 million copies and used in American schools until the 20th century.

Answer 30

William Holmes Mcguffey

Question 31

Claim to fame:

An English Social Darwinist who believed that individuals of greater intellect and skill will slowly but surely replace their inferior counterparts. Was against public schools and instead believed that private schools should compete for the brightest students.

Answer 31

Herbert Spencer

Question 32

Claim to fame:
A British philosopher credited with significantly influencing the foundational philosophy of the US. Articulated of the relationship between a well-educated populace and self-governance and the concept of the mind being a tabula rasa, a blank slate at birth that is impacted by its surroundings.

Answer 32

John Locke

Question 33

You can thank this man for popularizing the idea of standardized curriculum and standardized tests. He developed a series of books for grades K-6 with titles like, What every 2nd Grader Should Know. While He was not directly involved in the Common Core State Standards, some credit him for providing the “intellectual foundation” for the initiative.

Answer 33

E.D. Hirst

Question 34

In which philosophies is the role of a teacher a dispenser of knowledge?

Answer 34

Perrenialsim, essentialism

Question 35

In which philosophies is the role of the teacher a facilitator or guide?

Answer 35

Existentialism, social reconstructionism, progressivism

Question 36

Match the philosophy to the role of the teacher:
Facilitator; Guides learning; Instills a sense of responsibility for humanity

Answer 36

Social Reconstructionism

Question 37

Match the philosophy to the role of the teacher:
Facilitator; Coach; Encourager

Answer 37

Progressivism

Question 38

Match the philosophy to the role of the teacher:
Intellectual & moral role model; Dispenser of knowledge

Answer 38

Essentialism

Question 39

Match the philosophy to the role of the teacher:
Facilitator; Promotes individual learning; Help students find meaning in their lives

Answer 39

Existentialism

Question 40

Match the philosophy to the role of the teacher:
Dispenser of knowledge; Leads discussions of classics

Answer 40

Perrenialism

Question 41

This influential educator believed that the best way to change society was to shift people’s thinking from callousness to compassion. He advocated for education of the masses and is considered the 1st professional teacher in his country

Answer 41

Confucius

Question 42

What is the primary educational goal of social existentialism?

Answer 42

Development of the whole individual, including their values, beliefs, and personal experiences

Question 43

This influential educator’s most famous book is Pedagogy of the Oppressed. As the unofficial father of social reconstructivism, he believed that education should be a vehicle for people to assess their conditions and those responsible for it. Education should include questions about the search for identity, equality, and justice.

Answer 43

paulo friere

Question 44

Claim to fame:
An American politician and education reformer who is responsible for the creation of the American public school systems. Believed that free education could help produce better citizens

Answer 44

Horace Mann

Question 45

Claim to fame:
Considered one of the most important pioneers of modern-day education, and a forerunner to many philosophers and educational theorists. Designed the currently followed schooling structure, formulated a generalized education theory, and outlined several essential tenets of child education.

Answer 45

John Amos Comenius

Question 46

Claim to fame:
Believed that children learn best when allowed to follow their interests rather than having learning imposed upon them. Had a profound impact on the growth of the homeschooling sector.

Answer 46

John Holt

Question 47

This influential educator is considered by some to be the “Father of Modern Education” because he introduced a number of educational concepts, including pictorial textbooks written in native languages instead of Latin, teaching based in gradual development from simple to more comprehensive concepts, and equal opportunity for impoverished children.

Answer 47

John Amos Comenius

Question 48

Claim to fame:
Strived to abolish discrimination and unfair treatment of people based on caste and gender

Answer 48

Savitribai Phule

Question 49

Claim to fame:
American educator, stateswoman, and civil rights activist. Educational philosophy emphasized the importance of education for African American girls as a pathway to improving racial equality in the US

Answer 49

Mary Bethune

Question 50

Claim to fame:
Correct match:
Believed that education should be a vehicle for people to assess their conditions and those responsible for it. Education was supposed to include questions about the search for identity, equality, and justice

Answer 50

Paulo Friere