Foundations of Community Health Nursing

Question 1

Community Health

Answer 1

Identification of needs & the protection and improvement of collective health w/in a geographically defined area (Community)

Question 2

Concept of Community

Answer 2

Geographic: Neighborhood

Common-Interest: Boarding-school, assisted living, homeless shelters
- Those who share

Solution: How can we improve our community
Ex) Gun control

Aggregate: People who live in a community
- How do they interact w/ one another
- Population

Question 3

Public Health

Answer 3

Activities that society undertakes to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy

Question 4

Public Health Nursing

Answer 4

Nursing that is community-based & is population focused

Question 5

Primary Level of Prevention

Answer 5

Promote & educate to keep the disease process from occurring

Ex) Prevention of falls, hand-washing

Question 6

Secondary Level of Prevention

Answer 6

An early diagnosis to provide interventions of early detection early in their occurrences
Ex) Mammogram, pap smear

Question 7

Tertiary Level of Prevention

Answer 7

Prevent damage & pain from the disease

Slow down the disease

Prevent complications

Provide rehabilitation & restore health

Question 8

Characteristics of Community Health Nursing

Answer 8

Field of nursing w/ shift from individual to aggregate

Combines nursing science w/ public health science
- Community based & population focused
- Public health outcomes and nursing theory

Focuses on population-level outcomes

Emphasis on prevention

Question 9

What is the primary obligation of community health nursing?

Answer 9

To achieve greatest good for greatest number of people or population as a whole

There is also an obligation to actively reach out to all who might benefit from a specific activity
- Providing resources to ensure the best overall improvement in the population’s health is a key element.

Collaboration with various other professions, organizations, and entities is the most effective way to promote and protect people’s health

Question 10

What is the nursing process for community health nursing?

Answer 10

Processes used include working with the client as an equal partner

Primary prevention is the priority

Strategies are selected to create health environmental, social, and economic conditions in which populations may thrive

Question 11

Which activity would reflect a community health nurse working at the primary prevention level?

A) Teaching safe sex practices to a 6th-grade class

B) Performing adult hypertension screening

C) Encouraging women to do breast self-examination

D) Helping w/ a post-mastectomy exercise program

Answer 11

Answer: A) Teaching safe sex practices to pre-teens
-Rationale: An educational program that teaches safe-sex practices is an example of primary prevention.

Performing hypertension screening and encouraging breast self-exam are examples of secondary prevention level activities.

A postmastectomy exercise program would be an example of a tertiary prevention level activity.

Question 12

Florence Nightingale

Answer 12

Pioneer of Modern Nursing

Advocated for patient sanitary practices (changing sheets daily)

Question 13

Clara Barton

Answer 13

AKA “Angel of the Battlefield”

Participated in the office for Missing Soldier’s for Family Unification

Founder of the American Red Cross (1871)
- Known activity is blood collection

Question 14

Lilian Wald

Answer 14

“Baptism by Fire”

Helped reduce child mortality rate

Founder of the Organization for Community Health Nursing

Advocated for children in child labor laws and women in minimum wave

Question 15

Mary Brewster

Answer 15

Assisted Lilian Wald to form the Henry Street Settlement

Question 16

Mary Breckenridge

Answer 16

Pioneered the Frontier Nursing Service

Traveled in rural areas

Population she focused on were women and infants in Southeast Kentucky

Question 17

Clinician Role in Community Nursing

Answer 17

Care provider
Home health
Urgent care
Health department
And others

Focus on holism, health promotion, and prevention while using expanded skills

Question 18

Educator Role in Community Health Nursing

Answer 18

Health Teacher
Plan for community-wide impact

Question 19

Advocate

Answer 19

Pleader of the client’s cause or actor on behalf of the client

Support the client’s self-determination and independence

Make the system responsive & relevant to the client’s needs

MUST
- Be assertive
- Take risks
- Communicate & negotiate well
- Identify & obtain resources for the client

Question 20

Manager Role in Community Health Nursing

Answer 20

Administrative direction of goals
- Plan
- Organize
- Lead
- Control
- Evaluate

Participative approach w/ community

Question 21

Collaborator Role in Community Health Nursing

Answer 21

Joint working w/ others

Multidisciplinary collegiality & leadership

Question 22

After a class discussion about the contributions of Lillian Wald to the advancement of community health nursing, which of the following if stated by the class indicates that the discussion was effective?

A) Establishment of family-centered nursing and outreach services in New York City at the turn of the 20th century

B) Use of clean and safe nursing care practices to soldiers during the Crimean War in the 1850s

C) Assistance to high-risk populations experiencing tropical diseases in Central America and the Caribbean in the late 1800s

D) Creation of home nursing services in London, marking the beginning of district nursing in the 1860s

Answer 22

A) A) Establishment of family-centered nursing and outreach services in New York City at the turn of the 20th century

Question 23

A community health nurse is engaging in assurance activities. Which of the following would best explain these activities?

A) Gathering and analyzing information that will affect the health of the people to be served.

B) Providing leadership in facilitating community groups toward meeting their needs, often involving changes in and additions to existing laws

C) Being involved in activities to make certain that necessary services are being provided to the community

D) Accessing relevant data that enable identification of strengths, weaknesses, and needs within the community

Answer 23

C) Being involved in activities to make certain that necessary services are being provided to the community