foundations of chemistry Flashcards
what is chemistry.
is the organized study of the composition and interactions of matter
the foundation for understanding of matter
atomic theory of matter
atoms
all matter consists of tiny particles
some substances are called are composed of a single type of atom
elements
are composed of atoms of two or more elements bonded together
compounds
usually based on there latin name
chemical symbol
it became clear that atoms are composed of still smaller particles of matter called
subatomic particles
every atom has a dense central core the
nucleus
carry a positive electric charge
protons
the number of protons in the nucleus is the atoms
atomic number
is electrically neutral having no electric charge
neutron
atoms that are the same element but have different numbers of nuetrons are
isotopes
any of a number of subatomic particles carrying a fractional electric charge, postulated as building blocks of the hadrons
quarks
is found outside of the nucleus and carries a negative electric charge equal in strength to the positive charge of a neutron
electron
can hold only a certain amount of electrons
electron shell
an atoms is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
mass number
an atom that has an electric charge because of losing or gaing electrons is an
ion
the mass of an atom in an atomic mass units is approximately equal to the mass number
atomic mass units
the is the average mass of all the natural isotopes of an element calculated according to the isotopes relative abundances
average mass number
