Foundations Instructional Design

Question 1

What does the acronym ADDIE stand for

Answer 1

A     Analysis
D     Design
D     Development
I       Implementation
E      Evaluation

Question 2

Explain Task Analysis

Answer 2

The break down of a task with all of it’s subordinate tasks until you get to a entry level skill that the course won’t cover.

Question 3

Explain the Scope and Sequence

Answer 3

The scope is the entire structure of what the course if going to cover. The sequence is all the steps, including sub steps, and the order in which it is going to be taught.

Question 4

Name the three things that are needed when writing a Performance Objective.

Answer 4

1. Condition
2. Behavior (using action verbs)
3. Criteria (measurable performance)

Question 5

Name Gagné’s nine events of instruction

Answer 5

1. Attention
2. Inform learners of objectives
3. Recall of prior learning
4. Present the content
5. Guided learning
6. Practice
7. Feedback
8. Assess
9. Enhance retention and job transfer

Question 6

Name the general characteristics of a target population that are important to consider when developing instruction.

Answer 6

• Age
• Grade level
• Topic
• Job experience
• Job title

Question 7

What does the acronym in ARCS stand for?

Answer 7

A - Attention
R - Relevance
C - Confidence
S - Satisfaction

Question 8

What is the primary purpose of conducting a Needs Analysis?

Answer 8

To see if there is a discrepancy between the current state and the desired state. If there is and the discrepancy in skill can be taught, then an instructional unit can be made.

Question 9

Will an interview ever have more than one respondent?

Answer 9

No, because more than one respondent is considered a focus group

Question 10

What are the four components of a complete goal statement?

Answer 10

A complete goal statement should describe the following:

1. The learners
2. Performance context
3. Skills to be applied
4. Tools available

Question 11

Why do we write goal statements?

Answer 11

To describe a skill, knowledge or attitude that the learner will be expected to acquire.

Question 12

What is the value of conducting a Learner Analysis?

Answer 12

The learner needs to be able to know the characteristics of the learner. This will help the designer Tailor the instruction to the needs of the learner and the learner will learn more.

Question 13

Why is it important to identify entry-level skills?

Answer 13

The designer needs to understand what entry-level skills are needed for the learner to proceed with the instruction. If learner doesn’t have these entry skills, then they need to be taught before the learner can proceed with the initial instruction.

Question 14

Which type of assessment measures entry-level skills?

Answer 14

The entry-level skills test

Question 15

Why is it important to measure prior knowledge?

Answer 15

To Tailor the instruction to fit the best needs of the learner. If learner already knows about what is going to be taught, then the instruction can be enhanced.

Question 16

Which type of assessment measures prior knowledge?

Answer 16

The Pretest

Question 17

What are the parts of Mager’s three-part performance objectives?

Answer 17

Performance
Conditions
Criteria

Question 18

Identify the part of the performance objective from the descriptions below (condition, behavior, criteria).

Answer 18

a. Measurable action verb
b. Minimum level of mastery
c. Parameters for behavior and/or resources needed for performance

Question 19

What is objectivism?

Answer 19

Objectivism – Teacher based theory that most school instruction is based upon. The lesson is organized in small digestible chunks of information. The theory is that the knowledge is out there regardless of the learner’s knowing of it.

Question 20

What is Cognitivism? When is it appropriate to use instructional strategies that support Cognitivism?

Answer 20

Cognitivism is a learning theory that focuses on how information is received, organized, stored, and retrieved by the mind. The mind is like a computer and the information should be organized and stored and recalled in an organizational manner. It is important to use cognitivist strategies when content needs to be organized in a structured method to understand it.

Question 21

What is Constructivism? When is it appropriate to use instructional strategies that support Constructivism?

Answer 21

Constructivism is a learning theory that focuses on creating meaning based upon experience. Learning is more meaningful when students interact with a problem or concept in a real world way. Concepts in science are often more meaningful when experiences the concept through testing.

Question 22

What is Behaviorism? When is it appropriate to use instructional strategies that support Behaviorism?

Answer 22

Behaviorism is a learning theory that is based on the idea that behavior can be controlled or managed based on the antecedents and consequences of a behavior. When using behaviorism to control behavior and motivate students.

Question 23

According to the design theory Backward Design, what is the difference between factual details versus big ideas/essential questions?

Answer 23

Factual Details are facts that require little to no discussion they just are where as essential questions are more open and require a large amount of discussion. Often the essential question won’t be resolved, but learning from each other’s perspective can take place.

Question 24

What are generative topics?

Answer 24

Topics the create the big idea and can promote discussion amongst class participants.

Question 25

Name Howard Gardner’s seven intelligence’s..

Answer 25

Linguistic intelligence ("word smart")
Logical-mathematical intelligence ("number/reasoning smart")
Spatial intelligence ("picture smart")
Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence ("body smart")
Musical intelligence ("music smart")
Interpersonal intelligence ("people smart")
Intrapersonal intelligence ("self smart")
Naturalist intelligence ("nature smart")