foundations in chemistry Flashcards
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus
mass number
total number of protons and neutrons in the atom
number of neutrons =
mass number - atomic number
isotopes
atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
isotopes have similar…
isotopes have varying…
similar chemical properties as they have the same electronic structure
varying physical properties as they have different masses
relative isotopic mass
the mass of one isotope compared to one-twelfth of the mass of one atom of carbon-12
relative atomic mass
the weighted mean mass of one atom compared to one-twelfth of the mass of one atom of carbon-12
relative molecular mass
the average mass of a molecule compared to one-twelfth of the mass of one atom of carbon-12
how to calculate relative atomic mass
= total(isotopic mass x % abundance)/100
ammonium formula
HN4+
phosphate formula
PO4 3-
carbonate formula
CO3 2-
sulfate formula
SO4 2-
nitrate formula
NO3-
hydroxide formula
OH-
what are spectator ions
- ions that are not changing state
- ions that are not changing oxidation number
ions definition
have a different number of electrons and protons
mole definition
the amount of substance in grams that has the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12
molar mass
the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance
given the unit g/mol-1
how to calculate molar mass
add up all the mass numbers of each element in the compound
molar gas volume definition
units = dm3mol-1
the volume of 1 mole of a gas at a given temperature and pressure.
at 1atm and 25degrees the molar gas volume is 24dm3mol-1
avogadro’s constant definition
there are 6.02x10 23 atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12
what can avogadro’s constant be used for
atoms, molecules and ions
mole =
mass/mr
empirical formula definition
the simplest ratio of atoms of each element in the compound
molecular formula definition
the actual number of atoms of each element in the compound
concentration =
n/v (moles/volume)
conc = moldm-3
volume = dm3
cm3 to dm3
cm3 to m3
dm3 to m3
m3 to dm3
divide by 1000
divide by 1000000
divide by 1000
times by 1000