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italian > Foundations (General) > Flashcards

Foundations (General) Flashcards

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Italian Verbs flashcards
1
Q

What are the Italian Vowels?

A

A [“Ah”]
E [“Eh”]
I [“Ee”]
O [“Oh”]
U [“Oo”]

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2
Q

What is the (present tense) masculine singular conjugation?

A
  • o

Bello (Beautiful)
Rosso (Red)
Buono (Good)
Nero (Black)
Interesante (Interesting)

Note: gender neutral [-e] affects what article comes before the verb (i.e., “il”, “la”, etc.)

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3
Q

What is the (present tense) feminine singular conjugation?

A
  • a

Bella (Beautiful)
Rossa (Red)
Good (Buona)
Black (Nera)
Interesante (Interesting)

Note: gender neutral [-e] affects what article comes before the verb (i.e., “il”, “la”, etc.)

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4
Q

What is the (present tense) masculine plural conjugation?

A
  • i

Panino (Sandwich) = Panini (Sandwiches)
Chiave (Key) = Chiavi (Keys)
Libro (Book) = Libri (Books)
Telefono (Phone) = Telefoni (Phones)
Cane (Dog) = Cani (Dogs)

Note: Italian words/subjects/items that end in “-e” in singular form = “I” in plural.
These words could feminine singular, but masculine plural.

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5
Q

What are the noun identifiers?

A

Io = I
Tu = You
He/She = Lui/Lei
Us/We = Noi
You all = Voi
They = Loro

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5
Q

What is the (present tense) feminine plural conjugation?

A
  • e

Porta (Door) = Porte (Doors)
Camera (Room) = Camere (Rooms)

Note: Italian words/subjects/items that end in “-e” in singular form = “I” in plural.
These words could feminine singular, but masculine plural.

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6
Q

What are the three types of regular verbs (what do they end with)?

A
  • ARE
  • ERE
  • IRE

NOTE: what ending (-are, -ere, -ire) will affect the type of conjugation used.

HOW TO CONJUGATE
1.) Remove the verb ending (-are, -ere,
-ire).
2.) Attach subject-specific endings (conjugation).

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7
Q

How do you conjugate -ARE verbs?

A
  • o
  • i
  • a
  • iamo
  • ate
  • ano
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8
Q

How do you conjugate -ERE verbs?

A
  • o
  • i
  • e
  • iamo
  • ete
  • ono
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9
Q

How do you conjugate -IRE verbs?

A

2 ways:

  • o
  • i
  • e
  • iamo
  • ite
  • ono

[OR]

  • isco
  • isci
  • isce
  • iamo
  • ite
  • iscono
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10
Q

Essere (Conjugation) - Present Tense

A

To Be

(Io) Sono [“I am…”]
(Tu) Sei [“You are…”]
(Lui/Lei) E [“He/She is…”]
(Noi) Siamo [“We are…”]
(Voi) Siete [“You all are…”]
(Loro) Sono [“They are…”]

Note: noi / voi / and loro are plural conjugations.

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11
Q

Avare (Conjugation) - Present Tense

A

To Have

(Io) Ho [“I have…”] OH
(Tu) Hai [“You have…”] AH-EE
(Lui/Lei) Ha [“He/she has…”] AH
(Noi) Abbiamo [“We have…”] AH-bEE-AH-mOH
(Voi) Avete [“You all have…”] AH-vEH-tEH
(Loro) Hanno [“They have…”] AH-nOH

Note: noi / voi / and loro are plural conjugations. / NOTE: “H” is always silent and never pronounced.

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12
Q

What are Indefinite Articles?

A

Indefinite Articles are items, subjects, things, etc. referred to in general terms (without specificity).

English examples: a book; a friend; an apple; an island.

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13
Q

What is the masculine singular indefinite article?

A

Un

A sandwich = Un panino.
A cat (boy) = Un gatto.
A cat (girl) = Una gatta.

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14
Q

What is the feminine singular indefinite article?

A

Una

A pizza = Una pizza.
A door = Una porta.

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15
Q

What is the EXCEPTION to the masculine singular indefinite article?

A

Uno

When to use:
When masculine words use “strong sound”: un = uno.

A stranger = Uno straniero [NOT: un straniero]
A backpack = Uno zaino [NOT: un zaino]

Strong Sound:
- S word + consonant (st-, sp-, sc-, sch-, etc.); OR
- Words that start with Z-, Y-, Gn-, Ps-

[ONLY APPLIED TO MASCULINE WORDS]

16
Q

What is the EXCEPTION to the feminine singular indefinite article?

A

Un’

When to use:
When feminine words start with the vowels (A-, E-, I-, O-, U-): Una = Un’

An artist = Un’artista [NOT: una artista]
A salad = Un’insalata [NOT: una insalata]
An orange = Un’arancia [NOT: una arancia]

[APPLIED TO FEMININE WORDS ONLY, NEVER TO MASCULINE]

17
Q

What makes a “strong sound” exception?

A
  • S word + consonant (st-, sp-, sc-, sch-, etc.); OR
  • Words that start with Z-, Y-, Gn-, Ps-
17
Q

What are Definite Articles?

A

Definite Articles are specific items, subjects, and things.

English examples: the book; the friend; the apple; the island.

18
Q

What is the masculine singular definite article?

A

IL

The book = il libro.
The child (boy) = il bambino.
The child (girl) = la bambina.

19
Q

What is the feminine singular definite article?

A

La

The girl = la regazza.
The pen = la penna.
The cup = la tizza.

20
Q

What is the EXCEPTION to masculine singular definite articles?

A

Lo / L’

Lo - when to use:
When masculine words use “strong sound”: IL = Lo.

The stranger = lo straniero [NOT: IL straniero]
The student = lo studente [NOT: IL studente]

Strong Sound:
- S word + consonant (st-, sp-, sc-, sch-, etc.); OR
- Words that start with Z-, Y-, Gn-, Ps-

[LO IS ONLY APPLIED TO MASCULINE WORDS]

L’ - when to use:
(Feminine & Masculine)
When using words that start with vowels (a-, e-, i-, o-, u-): La or Il = L’.

The friend = L’Amico/a [NOT: il / la amico/a]
The art = L’arte [NOT: il / la arte].
The Italian = L’Italiano [NOT: il / la Italiano].

21
Q

What is the EXCEPTION to feminine singular definite articles?

A

L’

When to use:
(Feminine & Masculine)
When using words that start with vowels (a-, e-, i-, o-, u-): La or Il = L’.

The friend = L’Amico/a [NOT: il / la amico/a]
The art = L’arte [NOT: il / la arte].
The Italian = L’Italiano [NOT: il / la Italiano].

22
Q

What is the masculine plural definite article?

A

I [“EE”] + - I

The books = I libri.
The children = I bambini.
The cats (boy) = I gatti.

23
Q

What is the feminine plural definite article?

A

Le + - e

The girls = le regazze.
The cups = le tazze.
The cats (girls) = le gatte.

24
Q

What is the EXCEPTION to masculine plural definite articles?

A

Gli

When to use:

25
Q

What is the EXCEPTION to feminine plural definite articles?

A

Le ( + e )

italian (17 decks)

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