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Medio Oriente y África > Foundations for the study of Africa and the meadle east > Flashcards

Foundations for the study of Africa and the meadle east Flashcards

1
Q

Were is Middle East?

A

North

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2
Q

How many subregions does Africa has?

A

4
- West Africa
-East Africa
-central Africa
Southern Africa

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3
Q

How was Known the Pre-Islamic Arabia by the Muslim and what does it meant?

A

Jahiliyya - period of ignorance

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4
Q

First two empires wich were rivals

A

-Sassanian
-Byzantine

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5
Q

year of the Byzantinne-Sassanian war

A

602 - 628 CE

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6
Q

Year in which Muhammad started recieving divine revelations

A

610 CE

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7
Q

Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina marked the beginning of…

A

The year 0 = the Islamic calendar

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8
Q

Which event gave birth to Islamic empire

A

630 - the recuperation of Mecca by beating notables and Jewish

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9
Q

Dead of Muhammad

A

632

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10
Q

Who was the first succesor?

A

Abu Bakr

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11
Q

What was the Rashidum Caliphate?

A

The period of governance of the first 4 Calips (632 - 661)

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12
Q

Names of the Caliph in cronologycal order

A

1.- Abu Bakr
2.- Umar Inb al-Kathabb
3.- Uthman
4.- Ali

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13
Q

Name of the emerged empires due to Alis Caliphate

A

Sunni and Shi’a

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14
Q

Meaning of “Fitna”

A

Civil war

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15
Q

Years of the first Fitna

A

656 - 661 CE

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16
Q

What caliphate was overthrew in the first Fitna and which one was established

A

Rashidun and the umayyad caliphate was established

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17
Q

battles between the first Fitna

A

-Battle of the Camel: Ali vs Aisha 565
-Battle of Siffin: Ali vs Mu’awiya 567

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18
Q

Who won the Battle of the camel

A

Ali

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19
Q

What happened on the battle of Siffin

A

Al’s army defeated Mu’awuya and his response was to copy coran scripts - this led Ali to stop the battle and get to agreements

20
Q

what was the agreement between Ali and Mu’awiya

A

Mu’awiya will surrender and suffer no consequences and he will recognized Ali as Caliph

21
Q

Why did the Kharijites emerged?

A

Because of the anger ob Ali’s followers at the previous agreement

22
Q

year of the assassination of Ali

A

661 by a Kharijitie

23
Q

What happened after Ali’s assassination?

A

Hassan is the successor (Ali’s son)

24
Q

What happened between Hassan and Mu’awiya

A

They fight but stoped with a treaty in 661

25
Q

What was the treaty of 661 that finished the first Fitna

A

Hassan Mu’awiya treaty of 661

26
Q

What does the Hassan Mu’awiya treaty of 661 said?

A

Hassan will abdicate and recognize Mu’awiya as Caliph only if his successor was elected by a group of scholars.

27
Q

What happened to Hassan after the treaty

A

He was poisoned

28
Q

How did Hussayn, Hassan’s brother is involucrated

A

Mu’awiya does not respected the treaty and elected his son Yazid asthe new Caliph, thats why Hussayn enters and fight with Yazid

29
Q

How is the Battle between Yazid and Husayn’s called and what is its characteristic?

A

Battle of the Karbala 680 and it was the SECOND FITNA

30
Q

Nowadays whos majority shia’s or sunni’s?

A

Shia

31
Q

Years of the Ummayad Caliph

A

661 (with the recognition of Mu’awiya as caliph) - 750 CE

32
Q

who was the first Ummayad Caliph

A

Mu’awiya

33
Q

where does the capital moves, due to the Umayyad Caliph?

A

At Damascus because there was Mu’awiya

34
Q

Wich region does the Islam reached during that period?

A

al-Ándalus (now spain)

35
Q

What was al-Ándalus?

A

A muslime-ruled area, from 711 - 1492

36
Q

Why does the Ummayad Caliph ends?

A

Due to internal rebellion

37
Q

Abbasid Caliph years

A

750 - 1258 CE

38
Q

Where was now the captial?

A

Baghdad

39
Q

Characteristics of the Abbasid Caliphate

A
  • Arts and science flourished
  • Multi Ethnic and polytheist religious empire
40
Q

When was the Decline of the Abbasid Empire and why?

A

13th century due to the Mongol invasion

41
Q

Ottoman Caliphate was the successor of which Caliphate?

A

Abbasid Caliphate

42
Q

Date of the Ottoman Caliphate

A

started in the 13th century by UTHMAN in the Antolian peninsula

43
Q

Characteristics of the Ottoman Calophate?

A
  • Reached it Apex in the 16th century
  • Westward expanssion after the fall of Conatantinople 1453
44
Q

End of the Ottoman Caliphate

A

18 th century

45
Q

Order of the Caliphates

A

1.-. Rashidun Caliphate
2.- Umayyad Caliphate
3.- Abbasid Caliphate
4.- Ottoman Caliphate

Medio Oriente y África (2 decks)

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