Foundations Final Flashcards

1
Q

Speech

A
  • The verbal means by which humans communicate and convey meaning
  • Speech is the result of planning and executing specific motor movements that require precise neuromuscular coordination
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2
Q

Communication

A
  • The process of exchanging information and ideas
  • An active process involves encoding, transmitting, and decoding messages
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3
Q

Language

A
  • A complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols that is used in various modes for thought and communication
  • Influenced by its environment, social, and cultural
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4
Q

Five Components of Language

A
  • Form
  • morphology
  • phonology
  • syntax
  • Content
  • semantics
  • Use
  • pragmatics
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5
Q

Expressive Language

A
  • The act of producing language and expressing our ideas
  • Labeling objects/images
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6
Q

Receptive Language

A
  • The act of thinking through an idea and/or understanding what others tell us
  • Understanding what is being asked of us
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7
Q

Stages of Speech Development

A
  • Cooing, Gooing
  • Babbling
  • Reduplicated Babbling
  • Jargon
  • Echolalia
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8
Q

Generative/Nativists Approach

A
  • Noam Chomsky: children are both with innate syntactic rules or principles that help shape the structures of human languages
  • Roger Brown: Children abstract information based on meaning-based units to help shape what they produce
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9
Q

Interactionalist Approach

A
  • Jerome Bruner: Children learn language from interactions with their environment
  • Focus on language use
  • Child uses language input to attempt output and notices regularities (rules)
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10
Q

Behavioral Learning Theory

A
  • B.F. Skinner: Caregivers model language, in turn the child imitates that model, and is reinforced by the parents for correct imitation
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11
Q

Cognitivist Learning Theory

A
  • Jean Piaget: Learning occurs as the learner adjusts his or her mental model to adapt new experiences
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12
Q

Social Constructivist Learning Theory

A
  • Lee Vygotsky: Knowledge is constructed within social context through interactions with a knowledgeable individual(s)
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13
Q

Joint Reference

A
  • When the child and the caregiver are engaged with the same object
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14
Q

Joint Action

A
  • When the child and caregiver are engaged in an activity together
  • peek a boo
  • routines
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15
Q

Maternal Adaptations When Communicating With Infants

A
  • Infant directed speech
  • Exaggerated facial expressions
  • Proxemics
  • Eye gaze
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16
Q

Techniques Used When Talking to Toddlers

A
  • Self Talk
  • Parallel Talk
  • Imitation
  • Expansion/Extension
17
Q

Early Word Combinations

A
  • Agent + Object
  • Agent + Action
  • Action + Object