Foundations Exercise Science Flashcards
What is the kinetic chain
biomechanics in the Human Movement System or . Principles that relate to human movement, such as planes of motion,joint actions, and muscular functions, are critical to designing and delivering effective workouts The interrelation of the actions of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems to create movement.
Central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal cord; coordinates activity of body parts
Peripheral nervous system (PNS
all nerves branching off spinal cord, extending out to the body
Mechanoreceptors
sense distortion in body tissues
Golgi tendon organs (GTO)
sense changes in tension
Muscle spindles—
sense changes in length
anatomic position
Terminology to describe human movement requires the use of a consistent body position,
t
Anterior:
Posterior:
toward or on the front side of the body
toward or on the back side of the body
Tendons—
connect muscle to bone; anchor to produce
force; limited blood flow, slow to repair
Sarcomeres—
individual contractile units; actin and
myosin filaments
Stabilization muscles
Transverse abdominis • Multifidus • Internal obliques • Diaphragm • Pelvic floor muscles • Rotator cuff • External obliques • Quadratus lumborum • Psoas major • Rectus abdominis • Gluteus medius • Adductor complex
Movement
Latissimus dorsi • Hip flexors • Hamstring complex • Quadriceps • Pectoralis major • Deltoids • Gluteus maximus • Triceps • Biceps • Erector spinae
Type I (slow twitch) muscle tissue—
more aerobic;
slower to reach maximal contraction; resistant to
fatigue
Type II (fast twitch) muscle tissue—
more anaerobic;
produce more speed and strength; faster to fatigue
Behavioral properties of muscle—
extensibility, elasticity, irritability, ability to develop tension
Quadriceps (rectus femoris; vastus lateralis,
medialis, and intermedius)
Knee extension
Squat (upward phase)
Hamstrings
(semitendinosus,
semimembranosus, biceps femoris)
Knee flexion Hamstrings curl
Anterior—
Posterior—
- front of body
- back of body
Superior—
Inferior—
Proximal—
—above point of reference
—below point of reference
—nearest to point of reference
toward the midline of the body
farther from the midline of the body
toward the midline of the body
farther from the midline of the body
Contralateral:
Ipsilateral:
on the opposite side of the body
on the same side of the body
Distal—farthest from point of reference
Medial—closer to midline
Lateral—farther from midline
- farthest from point of reference
- closer to midline
- farther from midline
