Foundations - Combined Flashcards
1
Q
quantitative observations
A
has numbers
2
Q
King
A
kilo (x 10e3) ( k)
3
Q
The lightbulb is an example of ____.
A
technology
4
Q
The prefix kilo- means ____.
A
1,000
5
Q
What punctuation mark can NEVER follow a hypothesis?
A
A question mark
(A hypothesis is a statement, it is never a question)
6
Q
Rule for determining how many significant figures to keep when multiplying one or more numbers?
A
- Count the significant figures in all the numbers you are multiplying.
- Find the one with the least number of sig figs.
- Keep this many sig figs in your final answer.
7
Q
You use your brain for
A
Inferences
8
Q
Hypothesis
A
An educated and careful guess
9
Q
worldwide system of measurement
A
SI
10
Q
The best type of graph to use to show how some fixed quantity is broken down into parts is_____.
A
circle graph (pie chart)
11
Q
On a multiple choice test, the response “all of the above” means….
A
It means you better read each and every one of the other responses!
12
Q
SI
A
worldwide system of measurement (Systeme International d’unites)
13
Q
If you use your brain, then it is an (obseration/inference)
A
inference
14
Q
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is always a statement.
A
Hypothesis
15
Q
An explanation of an event that is based on repeated observations and experiments is a ____.
A
theory
16
Q
milli-
A
SI prefix meaning 0.001
17
Q
qualitative observation
A
has no numbers
18
Q
kelvin
A
SI unit of temperature
19
Q
meter
A
SI unit of length
20
Q
A standard for comparison that helps to ensure that the experimental result is caused by the condition being tested
A
A Control
21
Q
SI unit of length
A
meter
22
Q
Milk
A
milli (x 10e-3) (m)
23
Q
explanation of a group of related events that is based on extensive observation and experimentation
A
scientific theory
24
Q
prefix milli-
A
0.001
25
If the number has a
**_decimal point...._**
What is the rule for determining the
place value of the uncertain digit?
It is the last digit on the right.
2700. **0**
3. 2**5**
12. 650**0**
2. 34**5** x 103
26
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is always a **_statement._**
Hypothesis
27
A cubic centimeter is also known as either a cc or a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
milliliter
28
.0080
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
.008**_0_**
29
plotted on the vertical or y-axis
dependent variable
30
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
22,300 ÷ 2.004 =
**3**
(22,300 has only 3 sig figs)
31
The amount of material in an object
mass
32
dependent variable is usually plotted on the
vertical or y-axis
33
True or False.
The "Null Hypothesis" predicts that changes in the independent variable will affect the dependent variable.
False
34
Why is it so important for industrial countries to have a standard of measurement?
Measurements can be compared to each other.
35
Rule for determining how many sig figs to keep when adding numbers.
1. Find the uncertain digit in each of the numbers. (It is usually the one on the right, but zeros can be tricky)
2. Examine the place value of each of the uncertain digits you found in step one.
3. Which place value is the largest?
4. Round your final answer to this same place value.
36
SI prefix meaning 0.01
centi-
37
Must be in the form of a statement.
A hypothesis
38
In order to make observations, you must always use...
One of your five senses.
39
You are multiplying the following numbers.
204.1
300
_ x 200.07_
12,250,286.1
How many significant figures should show in your answer?
One significant figure
10,000,000
The number 300 has only one significant figure, so your answer will be limited to one significant figure.
40
You are multiplying the following numbers:
27. 3
0. 077
_x 400.00_
840.84
How many significant figures should show in your answer?
Two significant figures.
840
The number 0.077 has only two significant figures, so the answer should be limited to two significant figures.
41
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
**_It has many, many parts_**
**Theory**
42
Why do we typically avoid putting "breaks" in the axes of graphs?
It distorts the appearance of the data.
43
The SI unit that is used to measure time is the \_\_\_\_.
second
44
Why do we draw lines between ponts on a line graph?
To represent the expected values of the unmeasured data between the measured points.
45
"I have a theory about that"
Statement by someone who does not understand the difference between a theory and a hypothesis
46
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
63.313
_-12.1_
51.131
To the tenths place.
51.1
This is a subtraction problem, and 12.1 is accurate only to the tenths place, so you can't go any farther than the tenths place in your answer.
47
Correct symbol for the SI unit of temperature
K (kelvin)
48
SI prefix meaning 0.001
milli-
49
SI unit of mass
kilogram
50
Temperature of absolute zero in Fahrenheit
negative 459.4 (don't memorize this, just know that it is really, really cold)
51
You are doing an experiment to see if ducks fly faster when listening to music with special "duck" headphones.
You equip 300 ducks with these special headphones and measure their flight speed to be 43mph.
You then conclude that ducks do fly faster with headphones.
What is missing?
A control
You would need "A Control" as a basis for comparison. In other words, you would need to measure the flight speed of a group of ducks without headphones. Then you could compare.
52
2000
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
**_2_**000
53
The prefix milli- means \_\_\_\_.
0.001
54
Why is the unit for speed, m/s, a derived unit?
It is a mathematical combination of two or more units. (meters divided by seconds)
55
Sometimes an experiment has a whole set of hypotheses. The hypothesis that says that changing the independent varialbe will have no effect on the dependent variable is called what?
The Null Hypothesis
56
A factor that does NOT change in an experiment
A constant (aka "controlled variable")
57
A factor that does NOT change in an experiment is the \_\_\_\_.
constant
58
In an experiment to determine whether the popping of popcorn is affected by the temperature at which it is stored, counting the popped kernels is an example of a(n) \_\_\_\_.
quantitative observation
59
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
0.0620
_-0.0110_
0.0510
To the ten thousandths place.
0.0510
This is a subtraction problem, and both numbers are accurate to the ten thousandths place, so you should write the answer out the the ten thousandths place.
60
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It **_must be testable_**
Hypothesis
61
By
\_\_\_\_\_\_(x 10e0) (no prefix because this is the base unit like grams, meters, liters, etc)
62
mass per unit volume
density
63
True value
The result you would get if you could actually make a perfect measurement. (Too bad you can never do that. It is impossible)
64
Temperature of absolute zero in Celsius
negative 273 degrees celsius
65
If you use your senses, then it is an (observation/inference)
observation
66
When do we put "breaks" in the axes of graphs?
When we are willing to live with the distorted appearance of the data so that we can zoom in on a specific region of the data.
67
If you multiply 27.3 x 32, your answer will have how many significant figures?
2
68
Graphs are visual representations of data that help scientists to detect _________ in the data.
patterns
69
SI unit of temperature
kelvin
70
kilo-
SI prefix meaning 1,000
71
Define a "standard" as it is used in the term standard measurement.
An exact quantity that people agree to use for comparison
72
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
96.3 x 13,310 =
**3**
(96.3 has only 3 sig figs)
73
Any SI unit can be converted to any other SI unit by multiplying by the appropriate ___________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
conversion factor
74
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is a **_description_**
Scientific Law
75
A factor that is manipulated in an experiment to change the dependent variable
independent varialble (aka manipulated variable)
76
measurement standard
exact quantity people agree to use for comparison
77
.008
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
.00**_8_**
78
m
The greek letter "mu" (pronounced "mew" like a cat might say)
79
Mix
micro (x 10e-6) (\_)
80
Henry
hecto (x 10e2) (h)
81
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
16.85
_+3312_
3328.85
The ones place.
**3329**
This is an addition problem, and 3312 is accurate only to the ones place, so you have to round your answer to the ones place.
82
Representation of an idea, event, or object that can help people better understand it.
Model
83
A factor that is manipulated in an experiment to change the dependent variable is the \_\_\_\_.
independent variable
84
If a number has a
zero with a line over it...
Where is the uncertain digit?
(This is an important exception to some other rules you might see on these flash cards.
The zero with the line over it is the uncertain digit.
85
kilogram
SI unit of mass
86
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
**_When a part of it is refuted by an experiment, that part is changed to make that one part better._**
**Theory**
87
variable usually plotted on the horizontal or x-axis
independent varialble (aka manipulated variable)
88
Accuracy
How close a measurement is to the true value or even the accepted value.
89
First step in designing an experiment
State the problem
90
Studying the effect of one thing on another in order to test a hypothesis is a(n) \_\_\_\_.
experiment
91
"aka" means
also known as
92
Why is a cubic centimeter a derived unit?
It\_s a mathematical combination of two or more units. (cm x cm x cm)
93
derived unit of volume
cubic centimeter
94
Abbreviation for the International System of Units
SI
95
Rule for determining the number of sig figs to keep when you are dividing numbers.
1. Count the significant figures in all the numbers you are dividing.
2. Find the one with the least number of sig figs.
3. Keep this many sig figs in your final answer.
96
SI unit of time
second
97
nano
SI prefix meaning one billionth of (x 10e-9)
98
factor in an experiment that changes from the manipulation of the independent variable
dependent variable
99
micro
SI prefix meaning one millionth of (x 10e-6)
100
(Laws/Theories) are small (can be fully described in a few sentences or a mathematical formula
Laws
101
Another term for technology is \_\_\_\_.
applied science
102
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
47.3 x 83,312 =
3
103
Amount of space occupied by an object
volume
104
"IM DR" is a mnemonic device to help remember
(Independent variable = Manipulated variable) and (Dependent variable = Responding Variable)
105
Nuggets
(x 10e-9)
106
Why are the points on a bar graph not connected?
There is no data between points that could be graphed.
107
Precision
How closely measurements are too each other.
108
The correct symbol for the SI unit of temperature is \_\_\_\_.
K
109
Why don't we draw lines between bars on a bar graph?
There is no data between the bars on a bar graph.
110
SI prefix meaning 1,000
kilo-
111
A beaker contains 0.32 L of water. What is the volume of this water in milliliters?
320 mL
112
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
6.03
_+12.002_
18.032
To the hundredths place.
18.03
This is an addition problem, and 6.03 is accurate only to the hundredths place, so you can't go any farther than the hundredths place in your answer.
113
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
**_It is BIG_**
**Theory**
114
Scientific Method
An organized set of investigation procedures.
115
What is the definition of a derived unit?
A mathematical combination of two or more units.
116
(Laws/Theories) are big usually developed by many scientists working over years or decades.
Laws.
117
Temperature of absolute zero in kelvin
0 degrees Kelvin
118
Hanging Indent
A formatting style Mr. Bixel likes us to use on our labs.
119
670.45
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
670.4**_5_**
120
A factor in an experiment that changes from the manipulation of the independent variable is the\_\_\_\_\_.
dependent variable
121
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
0.331 x 0.2473 =
**3**
(0.331 has the least number of sig figs in this multiplication problem)
122
Explain how the lack of a control in an experiment impacts the experiment.
Without a control, there is no basis for comparison.
123
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It is "small."
Scientific Law
124
On a test or quiz, what does "All of these" mean?
It means that only a silly person would pick an answer without reading ALL of the answers.
125
centi-
SI prefix meaning 0.01
126
The Null Hypothesis predicts what relationship between the independent and dependent variables?
No relationship at all.
(Changine the independent variable has not effect on the dependent variable.)
127
Arrange in order from smallest to largest. (cm, km, m, mm, nm
nm, mm, cm, m, km
128
When designing an experiment, the first step is to \_\_\_\_.
state the problem
129
mass
amount of material in an object
130
independent variable is aka
manipulated variable (IM DR)
131
SI system is based upon multiples of
10
132
graph type used to show some fixed quantity broken down into parts
circle graph (pie chart)
133
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
**_A single experiment cannot ever prove it correct, but it can support it._**
Hypothesis
134
cubic centimeter
derived unit of volume
| (its a cube with 1 cm sides)
135
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
6.03
_+12.002_
18.032
To the hundredths place.
18.03
This is an addition problem, and 6.03 is accurate only to the hundredths place, so you can't go any farther than the hundredths place in your answer.
136
An idea, event, or object can be represented by a ____ to help people better understand it.
model
137
Studying the effect of one thing on another in order to test a hypothesis is a(n) \_\_\_\_.
experiment
138
Observation or Inference?
"The sky looks blue today"
Observation
| (You used one of your five senses)
139
"I have a hypothesis about that"
Statement by someone who does understand the difference between a theory and a hypothesis
140
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
d
141
Mr.
mega (x 10e6) (M)
142
rule or principle that describes what happens in nature
scientific law
143
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
17 ÷ 3,312 =
**2**
| (17 has only 2 sig figs)
144
The process of gathering information through the senses is called \_\_\_\_.
observation
145
prefix kilo-
1,000
146
Applied science is also known as
Technology
147
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
0.445 ÷ 0.02 =
**1**
(0.02 has only one sig fig)
148
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
**_It develops over time, as different scientists work on the different parts_**
**Theory**
149
How many meters are there in 1,865 cm?
18.65
150
A standard for comparison that helps to ensure that the experimental result is caused by the condition being tested is the \_\_\_\_.
control
151
A variable that is held constant on purpose is a __________ variable
controlled
152
Can a diagram be used as a model?
Yes, a model is used to help people better understand an idea, event, or object. A diagram serves in this function.
153
SI symbol for deciliter
dL
154
If the number has
**_NO decimal point._**
What is the rule for determining the
place value of the uncertain digit?
The uncertain digit is the
**_LAST NON-ZERO DIGIT_**
**_ON THE RIGHT._**
3**5**00
6**7**,000
1**3**
(Except for when there is a line over a zero)
155
Evolution, Atomic Structure, Big Bang, Relativity
Well known scientific THEORIES.
156
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
**_Many scientists are working on the many different parts._**
**Theory**
157
Rule for determining the number of significant figures when subtracting numbers.
1. Find the uncertain digit in each of the numbers. (It is usually the one on the right, but zeros can be tricky)
2. Examine the place value of each of the uncertain digits you found in step one.
3. Which place value is the largest?
4. Round your final answer to this same place value.
158
The "Null Hypothesis"
The hypothesis that their is no significant relationship between the independent and dependent variable.
159
A box is 25 cm long, 6 cm wide, and 4 cm high. How many cubic centimeters of water can it hold?
600
160
The application of scientific knowledge to help people is \_\_\_\_.
technology
161
930,020
Which digit above is the uncertain digit?
930,0**_2_**0
162
Another name for the independent variable is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
manipulated variable
163
SI unit that is used to measure time
second
164
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
It **_can be disproved with a single experiment_**
Hypothesis
165
Mega
SI prefix meaning one million of (x 10e6)
166
In a graph showing temperature change of a material over time, temperature change is the \_\_\_\_.
dependent variable
167
A rule or principle that describes what happens in nature is a \_\_\_\_.
scientific law
168
Mnemonic device for remembering SI prefixes
Mr. King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk Mix Nuggets
169
Scientific experiments investigate the effect of one ___________ on another.
variable
170
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
12.34 ÷ 0.030 =
**2**
(0.030 has only 2 sig figs)
171
dependent variable is aka
responding variable (IM DR)
172
Drinking
deci (x 10e-1) (d)
173
second
SI unit of time
174
Died
deka unit (x 10e1) (dk)
175
One benefit of the SI system is that it is \_\_\_\_.
based on multiples of ten
176
Process of gathering information with the senses
Observation
177
Chocolate
centi (x 10e-2) (c )
178
To what decimal place would you round the answer to?
100.88
_-6.2_
94.68
To the tenths place.
94.7
This is a subtraction problem, and 6.2 is accurate only to the tenths place, so you can't go any farther than the tenths place in your answer.
179
You use your senses for
Observations
180
How many significant figures would you keep in your answer to the following problem?
147.3 x 83,000 =
**2**
(83,000 has only two sig figs)
181
SI symbol for dekameter
dam
182
"also known as" is often abbreiviated as:
aka
183
Law, Theory, Scientific Fact, or Hypothesis?
**_Parts of it are often refuted by experiments._**
**Theory**
184
A measurement standard is defined as \_\_\_\_.
the exact quantity people agree to use for comparison
185
Which one below means the same as a constant?
A Control
A Controlled Variable
A Controlled Variable.
A controlled variable is one of the possible variables in an experiment that you keep the same on purpose.
