Foundations Ch 35 Flashcards
is a term describing ineffective coping with stress that causes mild interpersonal disorganization.
●People with a _________ have insight that they have a psychiatric problem.
●A person with a _______ remains oriented to reality but has some degree of distortion of reality manifested by a strong emotional response to the trigger event.
●Treatment for patients with a ________ usually is completed in an outpatient setting, if they seek treatment at all.
Neurosis
is out of touch with reality and has severe personality deterioration, impaired perception and judgment, hallucinations, and delusions.
● A ________ person does not recognize the fact that he or she has a psychiatric illness. ●Treatment for psychosis often necessitates hospitalization with follow-up regularly through an outpatient setting.
●Some ________ patients seek voluntary admission for treatment. Involuntary admission (commonly called probating) is also possible when a person is thought to be a danger to self or others.
Psychosis
is a change in consciousness that occurs rapidly over a short time.
●Occurrence of this disorder is possible at any age.
●___________ is associated with reduced awareness and attention to surroundings, disorganized thinking, sensory misinterpretation, and irrelevant speech. Sleep patterns often are disturbed. Possible causes of delirium include physical illnesses, such as fever, heart failure, pneumonia, azotemia, or malnutrition; drug intoxication; and anesthesia.
●Treatment for _________ involves determining the cause and correcting it. If the cause is a homeostatic imbalance such as hypoxemia, electrolyte imbalance, or malnutrition, treatment is focused on the problem causing the im-balance.
Delirium
A person with nocturnal delirium, or _____________________, displays increased disorientation and agitation only during the evening and nighttime.
Sundowning Syndrome
is a term describing an altered mental state secondary to cerebral disease. _______ is usually a slow and progressive loss of intellectual function that is often irreversible.
Dementia
is the most common type of dementia in the United States, accounting for 60% to 80% of dementia cases.
Alzheimer Disease
is one of a large group of psychotic disorders whose defining characteristics are gross distortion of reality; disturbance of language and communication; withdrawal from social interaction; and the disorganization and fragmentation of thought, perception, and emotional reaction. ●___________ is one of the most profoundly disabling mental illnesses that a nurse will ever encounter.
●Behaviors that individuals with ____________ display fall into different categories: positive, or excessive, and negative, or absent. The prognosis for individuals who exhibit positive behavior patterns is good; such patients have fewer structural changes in the brain and respond better to drug therapy. Positive behavior patterns include delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thinking. Negative behavior patterns include apathy, social withdrawal, and flat affect.
Schizophrenia
A delusion is a false, fixed belief that cannot be corrected by feedback and that other people in the same cultural context do not accept as true.
~A hallucination is a sensory experience without a stimulus trigger. Auditory hallucinations are the type that people experience most often. Visual, olfactory, and tactile hallucinations are also possible in the individual with schizophrenia.
Positive Behavior Pattern
apathy (avolition), social withdrawal, alogia, blunted emotional responses, and anhedonia.
Negative Behavior Patterns
is a mood disturbance characterized by exaggerated feelings of sadness, despair, lowered self-esteem, loss of interest in former activities, and pessimistic thoughts. Depression is more than a state of mind; in any given 2-week period, almost 8% of Americans report symptoms of moderate or severe depression
Depression
____________ or persistent depressive disorder, is defined as repeated, severe depressive episodes lasting more than 2 years
Major Depression
___________ or manic-depressive disorders, feature shifts between emotional extremes from depression to mania.
Bipolar disorders
is a mood disorder whose major characteristic is persistent, abnormal overactivity and a euphoric state.
Mania
falls in the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States; where the statistic falls in the top 10 depends on the age group
~Consider as warning signals verbal statements such as “I wish I were dead” or “You won’t see me coming back here again” and questions about specific methods of suicide. Actions such as giving away possessions, refusing medications, or neglecting hygiene are also possible warning signals.
Suicide
Practitioners frequently use lithium to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic range, and patients who take it must be monitored closely for safety. Patients taking lithium also need to monitor the amount of sodium in their diet and fluid intake.
Medical Treatment
The therapeutic level of lithium is fairly narrow–0.4 to 1.3 mEq/L–and each patient must be evaluated individually and carefully monitored.
Antimanic Agents
is a state or feeling of apprehension, uneasiness, agitation, uncertainty, and fear resulting from the anticipation of some threat or danger.
Anxiety
is irrational fear, in which the thoughts of the individual tend to dwell on the object of the ________.
Phobia
are thoughts that are recurrent, intrusive, and senseless. These thoughts are anxiety producing and distressing in that they are uncontrollable.
Obessions
are behaviors that are performed in response to an obsessive thought.
Compulsions
describes a response to an intensely traumatic experience beyond the usual range of human experience.
Posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD
is an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation.
●It typically develops in the early to middle stages of adolescence.
Anorexia Nervosa
is an eating disorder characterized by periods of binge eating followed by purging or other inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain.
Bulimia Nervosa
is a disorder sometimes referred to as compulsive overeating.
Binge-eating disorder
